A nodulin/glutamine synthetase-like fusion protein is implicated in the regulation of root morphogenesis and in signalling triggered by flagellin

Doskočilová, Anna; Plíhal, Ondřej; Volc, Jindřich; Chumová, Jana; Kourová, Hana; Halada, Petr; Petrovská, Beáta; Binarová, Pavla

doi:10.1007/s00425-011-1419-7

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Glutamine synthetase is beneficial to nitrogen assimilation and has been founded in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Doskočilová et al, 2011). Viégas and Silveira (1999) found that salinity imposed sensitivity on nitrogen assimilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amino Acid Metabolic and Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathway Play Important Roles during Salt-Stress Response in Tomato

et al. 2017

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Salt stress affects the plant quality, which affects the productivity of plants and the quality of water storage. In a recent study, we conducted the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) analysis and RNA-Seq, bioinformatics study methods, and detection of the key genes with qRT-PCR. Our findings suggested that the optimum salt treatment conditions are 200 mM and 19d for the identification of salt tolerance in tomato. Based on the RNA-Seq, we found 17 amino acid metabolic and 17 carbohydrate metabolic pathways enriched in the biological metabolism during the response to salt stress in tomato. We found 7 amino acid metabolic and 6 carbohydrate metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched in the adaption to salt stress. Moreover, we screened 17 and 19 key genes in 7 amino acid metabolic and 6 carbohydrate metabolic pathways respectively. We chose some of the key genes for verifying by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of these genes was the same as that of RNA-seq. We found that these significant pathways and vital genes occupy an important roles in a whole process of adaptation to salt stress. These results provide valuable information, improve the ability to resist pressure, and improve the quality of the plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amino Acid Metabolic and Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathway Play Important Roles during Salt-Stress Response in Tomato

et al. 2017

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“…Aspergillus FluG is a fusion protein composed of an N-terminal amidohydrolase domain that shares ho-mology with nodulins (Nod) and a C-terminal prokaryotic glutamine synthetase (GS) type I domain. Proteins similar to FluG are also found in plants (14,30). FluG is predicted to be capable of carrying out condensation of glutamate with an amino-groupcontaining molecule and subsequent hydrolysis; the signaling molecule had been proposed to be aminobutyrate (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an interaction may not occur in A. flavus, as suggested by the yeast two-hybrid results, because A. flavus normally conidiates in the dark. The Arabidopsis NodGS protein is part of a large heterogeneous protein complex (14). FluG-dependent conidiation in A. nidulans appears to be regulated by a suppressor, SfgA (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of the Aspergillus flavus Orthologue of A. nidulans fluG Reduces Conidiation and Promotes Production of Sclerotia but Does Not Abolish Aflatoxin Biosynthesis

Chang

Scharfenstein

Mack

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The fluG gene is a member of a family of genes required for conidiation and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans. We examined the role of the Aspergillus flavus fluG orthologue in asexual development and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Deletion of fluG in A. flavus yielded strains with an approximately 3-fold reduction in conidiation but a 30-fold increase in sclerotial formation when grown on potato dextrose agar in the dark. The concurrent developmental changes suggest that A. flavus FluG exerts opposite effects on a mutual signaling pathway for both processes. The altered conidial development was in part attributable to delayed expression of brlA, a gene controlling conidiophore formation. Unlike the loss of sterigmatocystin production by A. nidulans fluG deletion strains, aflatoxin biosynthesis was not affected by the fluG deletion in A. flavus. In A. nidulans, FluG was recently found to be involved in the formation of dehydroaustinol, a component of a diffusible signal of conidiation. Coculturing experiments did not show a similar diffusible meroterpenoid secondary metabolite produced by A. flavus. These results suggest that the function of fluG and the signaling pathways related to conidiation are different in the two related aspergilli.A spergillus nidulans has been the model system for studying asexual conidiation at the molecular level. The genes brlA (bristle) (1), abaA (abacus) (39), and wetA (wet-white conidia) (29) are expressed sequentially and form the central developmental pathway of conidiation (17). BrlA is a transcription factor that mediates the budding growth of conidiophores. Mutations in brlA prevent vesicle formation, yielding stalks that grow indeterminately and that are unable to bear conidia (1). BrlA activates the expression of abaA, a gene that controls phialide differentiation (39). AbaA further mediates transcriptional activation of wetA (31) and also expression of brlA (3, 4). Efforts to elucidate early events leading to activation of conidiation in A. nidulans have identified six genes, fluG (fluffy) (2) and flbA to flbE (fluffy with low brlA expression), that are required for normal activation of brlA (42). Mutations of these genes result in proliferation of undifferentiated vegetative hyphae that produce fluffy cotton-like colonies. A. nidulans fluG is not transcribed in dormant conidia and is significantly downregulated during early vegetative growth; its expression before and after induction of conidiation does not change significantly (2, 7). A positive role of fluG in brlA activation has been suggested in A. nidulans, although the genetic relationship of brlA and fluG is not well defined. A. nidulans fluG mutants do not produce the secondary metabolite sterigmatocystin (20), the penultimate precursor of the carcinogenic aflatoxins. Because contact of the wild-type A. nidulans strain with the fluG null mutant remediates phenotypic defects (26), it was postulated that FluG synthesizes a diffusible factor that initiates conidiation. The effector molecules have recently ...

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“…The nodulon/glutamine synthetase-like protein (NodGS) proteomically identified in Arabidopsis thaliana is a fusion protein containing a C-terminal domain of prokaryotic GSI. It does not possess glutamine synthetase activity, but plays a role in root morphogenesis and microbial elicitation (Doskocilova et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine synthetase 2 is not essential for biosynthesis of compatible solutes in Halobacillus halophilus

et al. 2014

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Halobacillus halophilus, a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from salt marshes, produces various compatible solutes to cope with osmotic stress. Glutamate and glutamine are dominant compatible solutes at mild salinities. Glutamine synthetase activity in cell suspensions of Halobacillus halophilus wild type was shown to be salt dependent and chloride modulated. A possible candidate to catalyze glutamine synthesis is glutamine synthetase A2, whose transcription is stimulated by chloride. To address the role of GlnA2 in the biosynthesis of the osmolytes glutamate and glutamine, a deletion mutant (ΔglnA2) was generated and characterized in detail. We compared the pool of compatible solutes and performed transcriptional analyses of the principal genes controlling the solute production in the wild type strain and the deletion mutant. These measurements did not confirm the hypothesized role of GlnA2 in the osmolyte production. Most likely the presence of another, yet to be identified enzyme has the main contribution in the measured activity in crude extracts and probably determines the total chloride-modulated profile. The role of GlnA2 remains to be elucidated.

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A nodulin/glutamine synthetase-like fusion protein is implicated in the regulation of root morphogenesis and in signalling triggered by flagellin

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

The Amino Acid Metabolic and Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathway Play Important Roles during Salt-Stress Response in Tomato

The Amino Acid Metabolic and Carbohydrate Metabolic Pathway Play Important Roles during Salt-Stress Response in Tomato

Deletion of the Aspergillus flavus Orthologue of A. nidulans fluG Reduces Conidiation and Promotes Production of Sclerotia but Does Not Abolish Aflatoxin Biosynthesis

Glutamine synthetase 2 is not essential for biosynthesis of compatible solutes in Halobacillus halophilus

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