A New Zealand green-lipped mussel oil-enriched high-fat diet exhibits beneficial effects on body weight and metabolism in mice

Abstract

To induce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents, diets high in saturated fat and/or carbohydrates are commonly used. In the laboratory, standardized diets evolved over time without having paid particular attention to the effect of fat composition on metabolic alterations. In the present study, customized high-fat diets (HFDs) enriched in a combination of lard and different concentrations of New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) oil or Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae, blue grenadier) liver oil, important sources of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, in comparison to a solely lard based diet were fed to lean and DIO male C57BL/6 mice and their effects on metabolic parameters were monitored. Intriguingly, an isocaloric HFD containing 63% of the total fat in the form of mussel oil and only 28% in the form of lard, attenuated the HFD-induced body weight gain after 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. Consistently, changing a lard enriched HFD to the mussel oil diet reduced body weight markedly even after mice had been exposed to the former diet for 10 months. The weight-reducing effect of the diet was not caused by altered energy intake or expenditure but was associated with reduced visceral fat mass. Collectively, these data suggest a novel weight-reducing potential of green-lipped mussel oil.

Antioxidant and antithrombotic effects of green mussels ( Perna canaliculus ) in rats

“…The data showed decreased lipid profiles among all groups, especially the group with the highest mussels in its diet. The data are consistent with the literature, where a P. canaliculus diet affects visceral fat in rodents (Loehfelm et al., 2020). In addition, the LDL‐C level was significantly reduced in the group with the highest level of P. canaliculus in the diet, thus indicating a reduction in the inflammatory response in several chronic and acute inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, as shown in previous studies (Cetin et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2008; Siriarchavatana et al., 2020; Whitehouse et al., 1997).…”

Dietary fat quality impacts metabolic impairments of type 2 diabetes risk differently in male and female CD-1® mice

“…Fish, fish oil, and n-3 FA supplements, have been extensively studied as nutritional interventions to protect against metabolic diseases (19,(48)(49)(50) . In rodents, research suggests that supplementation of marine oils rich in long-chain n-3 FAs to a highfat diet (45-60% of total energy) can protect against cardiometabolic risk factors (51)(52)(53) . Loehfelm et al (53) showed that a high-fat (60% of total energy) diet enriched with mussel oil prevented dietinduced weight gain in young (~10-12 weeks of age) after 1 week of feeding, and either attenuated weight-gain or decreased weight in lean or obese, respectively, aged mice (~12 months of age) after four weeks of feeding.…”

“…In rodents, research suggests that supplementation of marine oils rich in long-chain n-3 FAs to a highfat diet (45-60% of total energy) can protect against cardiometabolic risk factors (51)(52)(53) . Loehfelm et al (53) showed that a high-fat (60% of total energy) diet enriched with mussel oil prevented dietinduced weight gain in young (~10-12 weeks of age) after 1 week of feeding, and either attenuated weight-gain or decreased weight in lean or obese, respectively, aged mice (~12 months of age) after four weeks of feeding. However, observational studies in humans assessing the effect of fish oil consumption on T2D risk are highly controversial (18) .…”

Effect of green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) supplementation on faecal microbiota, body composition and iron status markers in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

“…Thus, studying body composition in an intervention targeting obese women allows for the identification of a novel clinical marker, given the implication of sarcopenic obesity in the development of bone and joint disease. Recently, the novel weight-reducing potential of a GSM extract has been suggested from animal models (20,21) . Supplementation with a high-fat diet (HFD) enriched with GSM oil prevented body weight gain and was associated with decreased visceral fat mass in mice (20) .…”

“…Recently, the novel weight-reducing potential of a GSM extract has been suggested from animal models (20,21) . Supplementation with a high-fat diet (HFD) enriched with GSM oil prevented body weight gain and was associated with decreased visceral fat mass in mice (20) . In a previous study of rats fed with the HFHS diet, the inclusion of GSM powder tended to increase the lean mass gain and decreased the fat mass gain in comparison to rats fed with only HFHS (21) .…”