A new view of pectin structure revealed by acid hydrolysis and atomic force microscopy

Round, Andrew N.; Rigby, Neil M.; MacDougall, Alistair J.; Morris, Victor J.

doi:10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.019

Cited by 180 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The dispersed HG polymers were shown to be extremely similar in both appearance and dimensions (Fig. 8, B and C) to those of CDTA-extracted HG from land plants (Round et al, 2010) and they showed rapid Ca 2+ -mediated gelling (Fig. 8D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Pectin Metabolism and Assembly in the Cell Wall of the Charophyte Green Alga Penium margaritaceum

et al. 2014

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The pectin polymer homogalacturonan (HG) is a major component of land plant cell walls and is especially abundant in the middle lamella. Current models suggest that HG is deposited into the wall as a highly methylesterified polymer, demethylesterified by pectin methylesterase enzymes and cross-linked by calcium ions to form a gel. However, this idea is based largely on indirect evidence and in vitro studies. We took advantage of the wall architecture of the unicellular alga Penium margaritaceum, which forms an elaborate calcium cross-linked HG-rich lattice on its cell surface, to test this model and other aspects of pectin dynamics. Studies of live cells and microscopic imaging of wall domains confirmed that the degree of methylesterification and sufficient levels of calcium are critical for lattice formation in vivo. Pectinase treatments of live cells and immunological studies suggested the presence of another class of pectin polymer, rhamnogalacturonan I, and indicated its colocalization and structural association with HG. Carbohydrate microarray analysis of the walls of P. margaritaceum, Physcomitrella patens, and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) further suggested the conservation of pectin organization and interpolymer associations in the walls of green plants. The individual constituent HG polymers also have a similar size and branched structure to those of embryophytes. The HG-rich lattice of P. margaritaceum, a member of the charophyte green algae, the immediate ancestors of land plants, was shown to be important for cell adhesion. Therefore, the calcium-HG gel at the cell surface may represent an early evolutionary innovation that paved the way for an adhesive middle lamella in multicellular land plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Atomic force microscopy has been used to assess the structure and measure the size of individual pectin polymers/polymer complexes from land plants (Morris et al, 2009;Round et al, 2010). We developed a protocol using TEM to visualize CDTA-extracted HG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectin Metabolism and Assembly in the Cell Wall of the Charophyte Green Alga Penium margaritaceum

et al. 2014

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“…However, only weak LM18 and LM19 HG antibody binding was observed for RG-I-3A either before or following treatments with a high pH buffer. To study the possibility that GalA residues in RG-I-3A were masked by neutral side chains, a partial acid hydrolysis pre-treatment, with TFA, was used on the sample to remove the neutral side chains prior to immobilisation on microtitre plates (Golovchenko et al 2002;Round et al 2010). TFA pretreatments led to the selective loss of side chain epitopes but led to no change in the detection of the LM19 epitope, even after the remove of the acetyl groups with 0.1 M NaOH (data not shown).…”

Section: Detection Of Pectic and Glycoprotein Epitopes In Isolated Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng root water-extracted pectic polysaccharides originate from secretory cavities

Zhou

Knox

2011

Planta

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A range of molecular probes for cell wall polysaccharides has been used to explore the structure and location of water-extracted pectic polysaccharides occurring in fractions isolated from ginseng roots. The LM19 homogalacturonan (HG) epitope was abundant in an HG fraction and analysis of LM19 binding to a rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) rich-fraction indicated that the LM19 epitope is sensitive to acetylation. A specific RG-I epitope (LM16), four arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) epitopes (LM2, LM14, JIM16, MAC207) and an extensin epitope (JIM20) were found to be abundant and co-located in several isolated polysaccharide fractions including an arabinogalactan fraction and two RG-I fractions. Detection of the RG-I, AGP and extensin epitopes identified in isolated polysaccharide fractions in sections of ginseng roots indicated that they were most abundant in secretory cavities found in the cortical regions of ginseng roots. In addition, the immunocytochemical study indicated that polysaccharide epitope masking is a widespread phenomenon in the primary cell walls of ginseng roots.

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“…HG can also be substituted with Xyl residues to form a type of pectin polymer called xylogalacturonan (XGA) (Ovodova et al 2000;Zandleven et al 2006Zandleven et al , 2007. Covalent linkages via their backbones connect HG to RG-I, RG-II, and XGA (Nakamura et al 2002;Zandleven et al 2007;Round et al 2010;Atmodjo et al 2013). Figure 3d shows a schematic presentation of HG, RG-I, RG-II, AGA, and XGA domains of pectic polymers.…”

Section: Structure and Biosynthesis Of Pectic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Structure and Biosynthesis

et al. 2015

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A new view of pectin structure revealed by acid hydrolysis and atomic force microscopy

Cited by 180 publications

References 35 publications

Pectin Metabolism and Assembly in the Cell Wall of the Charophyte Green Alga Penium margaritaceum

Pectin Metabolism and Assembly in the Cell Wall of the Charophyte Green Alga Penium margaritaceum

Ginseng root water-extracted pectic polysaccharides originate from secretory cavities

Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Structure and Biosynthesis

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