“…There are different types of energy harvesting devices that can convert mechanical energy into electricity, including the mechanisms of electromagnetic induction [ 10 , 11 ], piezoelectric effect [ 12 , 13 ], and triboelectric effect [ 14 , 15 ]. Taking the advantages of light weight, simple structure, high power density and efficient low-frequency vibration energy scavenging, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as an attractive technology for efficient mechanical energy harvesting [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Based on the coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, TENGs can efficiently collect electricity from random, irregular, and/or low-frequency energy, such as mechanical vibration [ 19 , 20 ], wind [ 21 , 22 ], body motion [ 23 , 24 ], and ocean waves [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”