A new species of<i>Aelurodon</i>(Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana

Wang, Xiaoming; Wideman, Benjamin C.; Nichols, R. A. H.; Hanneman, Debra L.

doi:10.1671/2493

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This led to the formation of a land connection between Siberia and Alaska through the Bering Strait. These intercontinental colonizations are contemporary to those of other taxa such as felids (Tedford et al, 1987;Hunt, 2004;Wang et al, 2004), but older than major colonizations of both continents by small and big mammals (Late Miocene, e.g., 7 and 4.5 Myr, and since 9 Myr; Tedford et al, 1987;Hunt, 1998;Webb and Opdyke, 1995;Tedford and Martin, 2001;and Van der Made et al, 2002).…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations

Dubey

Salamin

Ohdachi

et al. 2007

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

131

126

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We sequenced 2167 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 16S, and 1390 bp of nuclear genes BRCA1 and ApoB in shrews taxa (Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae). The aim was to study the relationships at higher taxonomic levels within this family, and in particular the position of difficult clades such as Anourosorex and Myosorex. The data confirmed two monophyletic subfamilies, Soricinae and Crocidurinae. In the former, the tribes Anourosoricini, Blarinini, Nectogalini, Notiosoricini, and Soricini were supported. The latter was formed by the tribes Myosoricini and Crocidurini. The genus Suncus appeared to be paraphyletic and included Sylvisorex. We further suggest a biogeographical hypothesis, which shows that North America was colonized by three independent lineages of Soricinae during middle Miocene. Our hypothesis is congruent with the first fossil records for these taxa. Using molecular dating, the first exchanges between Africa and Eurasia occurred during the middle Miocene. The last one took place in the Late Miocene, with the dispersion of the genus Crocidura through the old world.

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Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations

Dubey

Salamin

Ohdachi

et al. 2007

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

131

126

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“…We compiled occurrence data for North American fossil canids from the Neogene Mammal Mapping Portal (NeoMap, http://ucmp.berkeley.edu/neomap [47,48]) and Fossilworks/Paleobiology Database (http://www.fossilworks.org; http://www.paleobiodb.org). We last accessed the databases on 24 March 2017, cross-checking database records against the canid monographs by Wang et al [35][36][37] and more recent occurrences in the literature [49][50][51]. In cases of overlap between the two databases, we used the occurrence record from NeoMap, because NeoMap's maximum and minimum age records, when crosschecked against the literature, were more precise than those of Fossilworks/the Paleobiology Database, which assigns dates based on the occurrence or locality's time interval and therefore tends to be of more variable precision.…”

Section: Calculating Success In Space and Time For Fossil Canidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary specialization is linked to reduced species durations in North American fossil canids

2018

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How traits influence species persistence is a fundamental question in ecology, evolution and palaeontology. We test the relationship between dietary traits and both species duration and locality coverage over 40 million years in North American canids, a clade with considerable ecomorphological disparity and a dense fossil record. Because ecomorphological generalization—broad resource use—may enable species to withstand disturbance, we predicted that canids of average size and mesocarnivory would exhibit longer durations and wider distributions than specialized larger or smaller species. Second, because locality coverage might reflect dispersal ability and/or survivability in a range of habitats, we predicted that high coverage would correspond with longer durations. We find a nonlinear relationship between species duration and degree of carnivory: species at either end of the carnivory spectrum tend to have shorter durations than mesocarnivores. Locality coverage shows no relationship with size, diet or duration. To test whether generalization (medium size, mesocarnivory) corresponds to an adaptive optimum, we fit trait evolution models to previously generated canid phylogenies. Our analyses identify no single optimum in size or diet. Instead, the primary model of size evolution is a classic Cope's Rule increase over time, while dietary evolution does not conform to a single model.

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“…In practice, this approach has consisted of establishing a succession of ancestor–descendant relationships among fossil taxa within a lineage, based on a combination of known stratigraphic relations between some of them combined with transformation series in chosen key characters, and using this linear arrangement as a proxy for time. Lindsay (2003) recently formalized this method as “the chronologic ordering of faunal assemblages based on morphological (evolutionary) differences observed in members of a single, well‐established phyletic lineage.” SOE analyses have been widely used in Cenozoic mammalian studies (e.g., Woodburne et al., 1993; Eberle, 1999; Lindsay, 2003; Wang et al., 2004), in large part due to the absence of widely distributed correlative strata between disjunct continental depositional basins where the majority of terrestrial vertebrates are preserved. Stage of evolution argumentation was also used in attempts to age and order Mesozoic faunas of the Gobi Desert and adjacent areas of northern China (Kielan‐Jaworowska, 1974; Gradzinski et al., 1977), another continental region that lacks widespread correlative strata, interdigitation with marine sediments, and rocks amenable to radioisotopic age determination (Hicks et al., 1999; Jerzykiewicz, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stage of evolution argumentation was also used in attempts to age and order Mesozoic faunas of the Gobi Desert and adjacent areas of northern China (Kielan‐Jaworowska, 1974; Gradzinski et al., 1977), another continental region that lacks widespread correlative strata, interdigitation with marine sediments, and rocks amenable to radioisotopic age determination (Hicks et al., 1999; Jerzykiewicz, 2000). Recent practical examples of “stage of evolution” method include cases in which biochronologic age is inferred from observed intermediate character states in a transformation series whose end points are defined by successive taxa with known stratigraphic relationships (Eberle, 1999), as well as examples in which empirically derived phylogenetic hypotheses were employed to support a phylogenetically and therefore temporally intermediate status for a particular fossil taxon (Wang et al., 2004). It should be noted, however, that SOE analysis generally assumes a linear progression of ancestor–descendant taxa, which will only be compatible with pectinate portions of cladograms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telling time from fossils: a phylogeny‐based approach to chronological ordering of paleobiotas

Makovicky¹

2007

Cladistics

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The potential for using fossils for temporal ordering of sedimentary rocks is as old as historical geology itself. In spite of this, however, most current biostratigraphic and biochronologic techniques do not make use of phylogenetic information, but rely instead on some measure of species' presence or absence or their turnover in the fossil record. A common phylogenetic approach to biochronology has been to use ''stage of evolution'' arguments, whereas more rigorous, cladogram-based methods have been proposed but have seen little use. Cladistic biochronologic analysis (CBA) is developed here as a new method for determining biochronologic order between paleobiotas based on the phylogenetic relationships of their constituent taxa. CBA is adapted from Brooks' parsimony analysis, and analyzes syntaxon information from clades that transcend a number of paleobiotas to determine relative temporal order among these paleobiotas. Because CBA is based on phylogenetic information, it is suited to problems where a good fossil record is available, but where stratigraphic or chronologic relationships are poorly constrained, such as the terrestrial vertebrate record. A practical example, based on the Cenozoic fossil record of North America, pits CBA against a test case in which the correct temporal order of biotas is known beforehand. The method successfully recovers correct temporal order between paleobiotas with reasonable levels of support, and is also shown to outperform a previously proposed cladistic biochronologic method. In a second example, CBA is used to achieve the first empirical temporal ordination for several Late Cretaceous localities in the Gobi Desert that produce fossils crucial to the understanding of modern amniote clades, but which have poorly resolved temporal relationships. CBA is sensitive to large amounts of extinction and poor sampling of the fossil record, but problems such as gaps in the fossil record (Lazarus taxa) can be dealt with efficiently through a number of a priori and a posteriori scoring techniques. CBA offers a novel approach for biochronologic analysis that is independent of, but complementary to and readily combinable with other chronologic ⁄ stratigraphic methods.

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A new species ofAelurodon(Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations

Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations

Dietary specialization is linked to reduced species durations in North American fossil canids

Telling time from fossils: a phylogeny‐based approach to chronological ordering of paleobiotas

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