A new sintering method for fabrication of open-cell metal foam parts

Sharma, Vyas Mani; Pal, Surjya K.; Racherla, Vikranth

doi:10.1080/10426914.2020.1784933

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Hence, the mechanical properties of open-cell-structured foam are relatively poor compared with those of close-cell-structured foam, which is often used in functional applications due to its large gas/liquid permeability, high strength-to-weight ratio, and low density, including filtration, catalyst or catalyst carriers, biomedical implants, heat exchangers, separation, etc. 135 In addition, the randomly distributed pores in open-cellstructured foams are interconnected in 3D space with high porosity, enabling continuous fluid flow and thus making it suitable for flow field applications in PEM fuel cells. A pore size that is too large will increase the electrical ohmic loss due to the long in-plane length for electron conduction in GDLs.…”

Section: Foam Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former has thin films of the base material separating adjacent pores, while the latter does not, and it has pores connected by solid ligaments, as seen in Figure (a). Hence, the mechanical properties of open-cell-structured foam are relatively poor compared with those of close-cell-structured foam, which is often used in functional applications due to its large gas/liquid permeability, high strength-to-weight ratio, and low density, including filtration, catalyst or catalyst carriers, biomedical implants, heat exchangers, separation, etc …”

Section: Types and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2022

Chem. Rev.

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Porous flow fields distribute fuel and oxygen for the electrochemical reactions of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells through their pore network instead of conventional flow channels. This type of flow fields has showed great promises in enhancing reactant supply, heat removal, and electrical conduction, reducing the concentration performance loss and improving operational stability for fuel cells. This review presents the research and development progress of porous flow fields with insights for next-generation PEM fuel cells of high power density (e.g., ∼9.0 kW L–1). Materials, fabrication methods, fundamentals, and fuel cell performance associated with porous flow fields are discussed in depth. Major challenges are described and explained, along with several future directions, including separated gas/liquid flow configurations, integrated porous structure, full morphology modeling, data-driven methods, and artificial intelligence-assisted design/optimization.

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Section: Foam Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges

Zhang

Tao

et al. 2022

Chem. Rev.

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“…Photograph of the metal foams (Beköz, 2011) Metallic foams are classified as open-pores, semi-open-pores, or closed-pores according to their pore types (Banhart, 2001). Open pores are in contact with each other and with the environment (Sharma et al, 2020). Porosity is required for a liquid or gaseous environment to pass through the metallic foam in some applications such as heat exchanger, filtration, separation, and catalyst applications (Sharma et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Open pores are in contact with each other and with the environment (Sharma et al, 2020). Porosity is required for a liquid or gaseous environment to pass through the metallic foam in some applications such as heat exchanger, filtration, separation, and catalyst applications (Sharma et al, 2020). Therefore, metallic foams with open pores are preferred for these applications (Banhart, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Welding Techniques of Metallic Foams

Karabulut¹,

Üllen

2022

Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Metallic foams are a new type of material class using in the much-diversified area such as automotive, biomedical, and construction etc. Thanks to its porous structure, it stands out with its energy and impact absorption as well as its lightness. Due to the properties, metal foams have the potential for use in many applications. As the number of uses and potential applications increases, it becomes important to develop adequate joining technologies for metallic foams and to select appropriate methods for their widespread industrial use. However, various problems are encountered in welding metallic foams with a foam or a face sheet. The most important feature that causes differences in the welding process and characteristics of these materials is porosity. While the methods such as MIG/TIG could be preferred in the past, the methods such as laser welding have come to the fore with today's needs. The welding of metallic foams is a subject that is still being studied and developed. In this study, studies in the literature are examined to understand the problems encountered in metallic foams during welding and to develop welding techniques. It is aimed to create a wide source for the welding of metallic foams by referring to the methods used and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods with this review. It has been determined that traditional welding methods have started to be replaced by advanced welding methods in the welding of metallic foams.

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“…There is almost pure copper in the as-fabricated foam sample, which would have better electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity than the CMF, and better mechanical performance than the open-cell copper foam [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Compared with the closed-cell aluminum foams [ 38 , 39 ], the closed-cell copper foams have a higher temperature tolerance, so they are suitable for the energy absorption materials in the high temperature environment. This fabrication process has the advantages of a low production cost and short fabrication time, and the CCCFs fabricated by this process have the advantages of an adjustable pore structure, controllable porosity, but less pore defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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A fabrication technology of closed-cell copper foams (CCCFs) based on powder metallurgy is proposed, by using the expanded polystyrene foams (EPS) spheres with the prescribed diameter as the space holder before sintering. The material characterization and the quasi-static compressive behaviors of both uniform and graded CCCFs at different temperatures were experimentally studied. A high temperature weakens the initial compressive modulus, plateau stress, and effective energy absorption for both uniform and graded CCCFs; meanwhile, the onset strain of densification and the maximum energy absorption efficiency are less sensitive to temperature, especially for the graded CCCFs. Compared with the uniform CCCF, the graded CCCF with even a small relative density exhibits superiority in terms of the effective energy absorption and the maximum energy absorption efficiency, attributed to the much larger onset strain of densification for the gradient pore arrangement. Finite element simulations based on the ideal sphere foam model can basically mimic the compressive performance of the CCCF samples. It is also found that both the decrease of pore diameter and the increase of cell wall thickness could improve the compressive performance of the CCCFs.

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A new sintering method for fabrication of open-cell metal foam parts

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges

Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges

A Review on Welding Techniques of Metallic Foams

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

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