A New Scalable and Cost-Effective Congestion Management Strategy for Lossless Multistage Interconnection Networks

Duato, J.; Johnson, I. R.; Flich, José; Naven, F.; García, Pedro J.; Nachiondo, T.

doi:10.1109/hpca.2005.1

Cited by 97 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In [16] and [17] the authors propose several reservation mechanism for dragonflies, which avoid congestion by pre-reserving bandwidth for each flow. Alternative proposals include the use of dynamically allocated side-buffers in the network switches [9].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network unfairness in dragonfly topologies

et al. 2016

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Dragonfly networks arrange network routers in a two-level hierarchy, providing a competitive cost-performance solution for large systems. Nonminimal adaptive routing (adaptive misrouting) is employed to fully exploit the path diversity and increase the performance under adversarial traffic patterns. Network fairness issues arise in the dragonfly for several combinations of traffic pattern, global misrouting and traffic prioritization policy. Such unfairness prevents a balanced use of the resources across the network nodes and degrades severely the performance of any application running on an affected node. This paper reviews the main causes behind network unfairness in dragonflies, including a new adversarial traffic pattern which can easily occur in actual systems and congests all the global output links of a single router. A solution for the observed unfairness is evaluated using age-based arbitration. Results show that age-based arbitration mitigates fairness issues especially when using in-transit adaptive routing. However, when using source adaptive routing, the saturation of the new traffic pattern interferes with the mechanisms employed to detect remote congestion, and the problem grows with the network size. This makes source adaptive routing in dragonflies based on remote notifications prone to reduced performance, even when using age-based arbitration.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network unfairness in dragonfly topologies

et al. 2016

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“…[16], [17]), use separate buffers for traffic destined at a hot-module (e.g. [12]), or simply use a large number of virtual channels. However, when directly applied to NoCs, such modifications considerably increase NoC router gate count and memory size, resulting in excessive area and power consumption and reduced speed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access Regulation to Hot-Modules in Wormhole NoCs

Walter

Cidon

Ginosar

et al. 2007

First International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip (NOCS'07)

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Network on Chip (NoC) may be the primary interconnect mechanism for future Systems-on-Chip (SoC). Real-life SoCs typically include hot-modules such as DRAM controller or floating point unit, which are bandwidth limited and in high demand by other units. In this paper we demonstrate that the mere existence of one or more hot-modules in a wormholebased NoC dramatically reduces network efficiency and causes an unfair allocation of system resources. We demonstrate that a single hot-module destroys the performance of the entire SoC, even if network resources are over-provisioned. In order to resolve the hot-module effect, we introduce a novel low-cost credit based distributed access regulation technique that fairly allocates access rights to the hot-module. Unlike other methods, this technique directly addresses the root cause of network buffer congestion phenomena. Using simulation, we show the effectiveness of the suggested mechanism in various NoC scenarios.

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“…However, recently, a totally different approach has been provided [12]. This new approach res on the idea that the congestion is not a problem by itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the HoL blocking were removed, then congestion would be harmless. Based on this approach, in [12] a new mechanism is provided, referred to as RECN. This mechanism detects congestion within the network, and instead of eliminating the congestion, it eliminates the HoL blocking introduced by the congested packets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%