A new perspective on polyethylene-promoted lignin pyrolysis with mass transfer and radical explanation

Depolymerization of Methylene Linkage in Condensed Lignin with Commercial Zeolite in Water

“…1−6 Lignin is considered the largest source of renewable aromatics, constituting up to 30 wt % of lignocellulosic biomass. 3,7,8 Commercially, lignin is generated as a byproduct from the paper and bio-ethanol industries, which is referred to as technical lignin. The worldwide production of technical lignin has reached 100 million tons per year valued at USD 732.7 million in 2015, which is expected to reach USD 913.1 million by 2025.…”

“…Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant source of renewable organic substances in nature, which can potentially serve as an alternative to conventional petroleum in producing chemicals, fuels, and materials. − Lignin is considered the largest source of renewable aromatics, constituting up to 30 wt % of lignocellulosic biomass. ,, Commercially, lignin is generated as a byproduct from the paper and bio-ethanol industries, which is referred to as technical lignin. The worldwide production of technical lignin has reached 100 million tons per year valued at USD 732.7 million in 2015, which is expected to reach USD 913.1 million by 2025 .…”

A BaCO3 Nanomaterial for Pyrolysis of Sustainable Waste and Virgin Polystyrene into Green Aromatic Derivatives

“…Meanwhile, pyrolysis can convert waste plastics to renewable hydrocarbon fractions or petrochemicals [1–3,11,15–16] . Various types of reactors have been used for pyrolysis, such as batch reactors, [11,17] fluidized bed reactors [9,18] fixed‐bed reactors, [7,19] tube reactors, [10,20] microwave reactor, [21] semi‐batch reactor, [12] fixed bed reactor in a vacuumed condition, [14] catalytic microwave‐assisted, [22] screw‐type continuous reactor, [23] rotator kiln type pyrolyzer, [24] round shape borosil glass reactor, [1–3] tube furnace, [25] Py‐GC‐MS [26] . There are four common experimental performances of reactors have been observed such as fractions unreacted, conversion, yield, and selectivity.…”

“…[14] Meanwhile, pyrolysis can convert waste plastics to renewable hydrocarbon fractions or petrochemicals. [1][2][3]11,[15][16] Various types of reactors have been used for pyrolysis, such as batch reactors, [11,17] fluidized bed reactors [9,18] fixed-bed reactors, [7,19] tube reactors, [10,20] microwave reactor, [21] semi-batch reactor, [12] fixed bed reactor in a vacuumed condition, [14] catalytic microwave-assisted, [22] screw-type continuous reactor, [23] rotator kiln type pyrolyzer, [24] round shape borosil glass reactor, [1][2][3] tube furnace, [25] Py-GC-MS. [26] There are four common experimental performances of reactors have been observed such as fractions unreacted, conversion, yield, and selectivity. A glass batch reactor has been used by Singh et al for the pyrolysis of waste plastic, which obtained high liquid fuel yields, the reactor was not reacted with pyrolysis fractions at high temperatures, and not obtained any undesirable products during the reaction, this was very selective for valuable products.…”

Production of Jet Fuel Precursors from Waste Kraft Lignin with a Complex Copper Acid Catalyst

“…The unique structure and massive sources make lignin, especially kraft lignin, a potential starting material of many value-added chemicals and fuels . However, the current method of lignin utilization is primarily direct combustion to provide energy for industrial production with substandard economic benefits and high carbon emission, in spite of its commercial and environmental advantages. , This is actually inducing the development of techniques for the high-value utilization of lignin resources.…”