A New Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Model, Hyperglycemia-Induced Eye Malformation via Inhibiting Pax6 in Chick Embryo

Zhang, Shijie; Li, Yi-Fang; Tsoi, Bun; Huang, Wen-Shan; Huang, Yihua; Tang, Xi-can; Hu, Dan; Yao, Nan; Yang, Xuesong; Kojima, Hiroshi; Wang, Qi; He, Rong‐Rong

doi:10.1242/dmm.022012

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This assumption has been supported by a study using a chick embryo model in which a high concentration of glucose injected on embryo development day (EDD) 1 resulted in 47.3% of embryonic eye malformations occurring on EDD 5 [37]. Second, enhanced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses due to hyperglycaemia may damage the retina or optic nerve [12,38,39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Liu

et al. 2021

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal diabetes before or during pregnancy and the risk of high refractive error (RE) in offspring until the age of 25 years. Methods This nationwide register-based cohort study comprised 2,470,580 individuals born in 1977-2016. The exposure was maternal diabetes during or before pregnancy (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes). Cox regression was used to examine the association between maternal diabetes and the risk of high RE in offspring from birth until the age of 25 years, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Results During up to 25 years of follow-up, 553 offspring of mothers with diabetes and 19,695 offspring of mothers without diabetes were diagnosed with high RE. Prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes was associated with a 39% increased risk of high RE: HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.28, 1.51), p < 0.001; standardised cumulative incidence in unexposed offspring at 25 years of age 1.18% (95% CI 1.16%, 1.19%); cumulative incidence difference 0.72% (95% CI 0.51%, 0.94%). The elevated risks were observed for hypermetropia (HR 1.37 [95% CI 1.24, 1.51], p < 0.001), myopia (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.08, 1.66], p = 0.007) and astigmatism (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.29, 1.92], p < 0.001). The increased risks were more pronounced among offspring of mothers with diabetic complications (HR 2.05 [95% CI 1.60, 2.64], p < 0.001), compared with those of mothers with diabetes but no diabetic complications (HR 1.18 [95% CI 1.02, 1.37], p = 0.030). Conclusions/interpretation Our findings suggest that maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of high RE in offspring, in particular among those of mothers with diabetic complications. Early ophthalmological screening should be recommended in offspring of mothers with diabetes diagnosed before or during pregnancy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Liu

et al. 2021

Diabetologia

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“…Six conserved transcription factors (Pax-6-like, RXR, GLIS3, Elf-1-like, PNR, and ZBED1-like) are also downregulated in all four tissues in captive COTS. These may regulate the activation and repression of genes captive starfish across multiple tissues (German et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016; Jetten, 2018; Seifert et al, 2019). Oxidative stress appears to mediate the suppression of Pax6 gene in vertebrates (Zhang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These may regulate the activation and repression of genes captive starfish across multiple tissues (German et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016; Jetten, 2018; Seifert et al, 2019). Oxidative stress appears to mediate the suppression of Pax6 gene in vertebrates (Zhang et al, 2016). Additionally, RXR receptor, GLIS3 and Elf-1 have all been shown to be involved in signalling in vertebrates, therefore potentially playing a role in the downregulation of cell-cell communication in captive COTS (German et al, 2013; Jetten, 2018; Seifert et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crown-of-thorns starfish in captivity experience sustained large-scale changes in gene expression

Morin

Jönsson

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Marine animals in the wild are often difficult to access, so that biologists have to extrapolate from the study of animals in captivity. However, the implicit assumption that physiological and cellular processes of animals in artificial environments are not significantly different from those in the wild has rarely been tested. Here we investigate the extent to which the biological state of an animal is impacted by captivity by comparing global gene expression in wild and captive crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS). We compare transcriptomes of three external tissues obtained from wild COTS with captive COTS maintained in aquaria for at least one week. On average, an astonishingly large 24% of the coding sequences in the genome are differentially expressed. Comparing transcriptomes from coelomocytes – cells in internal coelomic fluid – in wild and captive COTS, we find that 20% of the coding sequences in the genome rapidly change expression. These captive transcriptomes remained markedly different from the wild ones for more than 30 days in captivity, and showed no indication of reverting back to a wild state. Genes consistently upregulated in captivity include those involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism, whereas genes downregulated are involved in intercellular signalling. These extensive changes in gene expression in captive COTS suggest that captivity has a profound and sustained impact on the physiology, behaviour and health of these echinoderms. The potential for such dramatic changes should be accounted for when designing studies seeking to understand wild animals.

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“…Orzáez et al showed that the administration of Apaf-1 inhibitor can reduce cytochrome-c release and apoptosome-mediated activation of procaspase 9 which in turn will prevent cell damage due to apoptosis [48]. Increased apoptosis in neonates born from mothers with gestational diabetes is known to be the cause for the malformation of brain, nervous system, heart, and eyes in neonates [47,49,50].…”

Section: Salacca Zalacca Peel Reduces Il-1β and Apoptosis Markers Expression Due To High Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanolic extract of Salacca zalacca peel reduce IL-1β and apoptosis in high glucose induced zebrafish embryo

Khotimah

Aninditha

et al. 2021

GSC Biol. and Pharm. Sci.

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Gestational diabetes is a glucose intolerance level first identified during pregnancy. This condition is caused by hormone secretion that hinders insulin action from the placenta which caused insulin resistance that will cause hyperglycemia. This condition will increase oxidative stress, and in consequence increasing inflammation and cell death which can hinder fetal growth and development. Salacca zalacca peel is a food waste that contains antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. This research aimed to study the effect of SZ peel ethanolic extract in the expression of IL-1β and cell death marker (BAX and Apaf-1) in glucose 3% induced zebrafish embryo. Glucose metabolism is measured by the level of Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) at the age of 3 dpf. The expression of PEPCK, IL-1β, Bax, and Apaf-1 is measured using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method. Salacca zalacca peel extract is given in the concentration of 0,1; 0,2; and 0,4 mg/mL. The result of this research proves that PEPCK decreases in the group which was given glucose 3%. Salacca zalacca peel extract significantly decreases the expression of IL-1β and Bax in the concentration of 0,4 mg/mL, and also able to decrease Apaf-1 expression with the result that most closely resemble the negative control in the concentration of 0,4 mg/mL. In conclusion, Salacca zalacca peel extract protects from gestational diabetes condition through the decrease of IL-1β, Bax, and Apaf-1.

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A New Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Model, Hyperglycemia-Induced Eye Malformation via Inhibiting Pax6 in Chick Embryo

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Crown-of-thorns starfish in captivity experience sustained large-scale changes in gene expression

Ethanolic extract of Salacca zalacca peel reduce IL-1β and apoptosis in high glucose induced zebrafish embryo

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