A new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan Province, Central Iran

Doroodgar, Abbas; Sadr, F Bani; Razavi, Mohammad Reza; Asmar, M; Doroodgar, Masoud

doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60857-x

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In 2007/2008, a new ZCL focus was found in the Aran-o-Bidgol region; L. major was detected in 10/14 cases and L. tropica was detected in the remaining 4. R. opimus was the reservoir and P. papatasi was identified as the vector (46).…”

Section: Central Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

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Section: Central Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis is increasing Esfahan Province, central Iran [26], while the leishmanial infection rates of the main vector are low in the endemic areas [27]. Therefore, it could be suggested that other vectors could have a role in disease transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it could be suggested that other vectors could have a role in disease transmission. In the Aran o Bidgol city in Esfahan province, Doroodgar et al reported that 17.8% of R. opimus, 71.4% of human isolates and 1.9% of P. papatasi infected with L. major [27]. The possibility of the transmission of Leishmania parasites by ectoparasites has long been discussed [6,11,28] and has been already proved in laboratory conditions [5,13,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR-positivity of gerbils and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in a hyperendemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran

Azarmi¹,

Zahraei-Ramazani²,

Mohebali³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Sand flies are the only known vectors of Leishmania parasites. Various arthropods, including ticks have been suggested as secondary vectors of Leishmania spp. many years ago. This study was conducted to determine PCR-positivity of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis reservoir hosts and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in central Iran. Methods: Microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) were used to detect and identify species of Leishmania and the results were confirmed by two methods, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing. Results: Totally, 93 rodents (Rhomombis opimus (n=92) and Nesokia indica (n=1)) were captured during different seasons and 9 different species of ectoparasites were collected from them. Out of 92 collected R. opimus, 14 were positive for Leishmania spp. by microscopic examination while one N. indica and 77 R. opimus were positive by nested-PCR. The infection rate of rodents with Leishmania major and Leishmania turanica was 39.79% (37) and 15.05% (14), respectively. Mixed natural infections with L. major and L. turanica were seen in 15.05% of the rodents (14), in 7.53% of the rodents (7) with L. major and Leishmania gerbilli, and in 6.45% of the rodents (6) with the three species. The leishmanial infection rate of the rodents was the highest (94.29%) in summer and lowest (45.45%) in the winter. Moreover, 39 out of 54 fleas (72.22%), 5 out of 8 mites (75%), and 1 tick nymph (100%) were PCR-positive for Leishmania parasites. Conclusions: The highest rate of infection with L. major and L. turanica in R. opimus populations was observed in the summer and spring respectively, and the highest percentage of L. major and L. turanica coinfection was seen in the winter. It is suggested that the role of L. turanica and the probable role of ectoparasites in the transmission of epidemiology should be investigated carefully. Xenodiagnostic testing is recommended for future testing.

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“…According to the development of farms and human residency in wild rodents living area in the desert region of Aran va Bidgol, CL is the most common and the disease has been endemic. In recent years Aran va Bidgol county has been reported as an important zoonotic CL focus in Isfahan province [ 11 ]. Natural leishmanial infection caused by L. major in great gerbil ( Rhombomys opimus ) as reservoir and Phlebotomus papatasi sandfly as vector was confirmed in Aran va Bidgol [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Ocular Leishmaniasis

Doroodgar

2017

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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The leishmaniases are parasitic diseases that are transmitted to humans by infected female sandflies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of 3 main forms of the disease. CL is the most common form of the disease and is endemic in many urban and rural parts of Iran and usually caused by two species of Leishmania: L. major and L. tropica. We report a case of unusual leishmaniasis with 25 lesions on exposed parts of the body and right eyelid involvement (ocular leishmaniasis). The patient was a 75-year-old male farmer referred to health care center in Aran va Bidgol city. The disease was diagnosed by direct smear, culture, and PCR from the lesions. PCR was positive for Leishmania major.

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A new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan Province, Central Iran

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

PCR-positivity of gerbils and their ectoparasites for Leishmania spp. in a hyperendemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran

Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Ocular Leishmaniasis

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