A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms

Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Reveal, James L.; Farjon, Aljos; Gardner, Martin; Mill, R. R.; Chase, Mark W.

doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3

Cited by 413 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

239

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The phylogenetic relationships among conifer families obtained in the simultaneous analysis and, in particular, the position of Araucariaceae as sister to Podocarpaceae are in agree- ment with previous phylogenetic hypotheses for the group (Chaw et al 1997;Stefanovic et al 1998;Bowe et al 2000;Magalló n and Sanderson 2002;Quinn et al 2002;Rai et al 2008;Leslie et al 2012) and also with the recently proposed classification of Christenhusz et al (2011), in which Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae belong to the order Araucariales. Today, most of its diversity is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Relationships Of Extant Araucariaceaesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We incorporated this large number of outgroups to test the monophyly of Araucariaceae and evaluate the possible effect of outgroup sampling on the resulting relationships within the family (see below). We followed the systematic treatment of Farjon (2010) for extant species-level taxonomy and that of Christenhusz et al (2011) for suprageneric taxonomy.…”

Section: Morphological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils

Escapa

Catalano

2013

International Journal of Plant Sciences

119

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Premise of research. Phylogenetic relationships of Araucariaceae (Coniferophyta, Araucariales) are revised on the basis of the first combined data matrix for the family.Methodology. Taxon sampling includes 39 ingroup species (31 extant, 8 fossils) and outgroup species of all the remaining conifer families. Five fossil Araucaria species, one species of the genus Araucarites, and two species of the extinct genera Wairarapaia and Emwadea were included in the analyses. Character sampling includes 23 genomic regions (19 plastid, 2 nuclear, and 2 mitochondrial) and 62 morphological characters (52 discrete and 10 continuous). The phylogenetic analyses were conducted with equally weighted parsimony. Additionally, several analyses under different taxon-and gene-sampling regimes were analyzed for identifying the causes of the long-lasting controversies in the interrelationships of the three extant genera of Araucariaceeae.Pivotal results. Monophyletic Araucariaceae is the sister group of Podocarpaceae, forming the order Araucariales. Monophyly of Araucaria and Agathis is also strongly supported by the data. The results of both molecular and combined analyses indicate that Wollemia and Agathis form a clade (pagathioid clade) sister to Araucaria. Within Araucaria, the analyses support the monophyly of the four currently recognized sections: Araucaria, Bunya, Intermedia, and Eutacta. Results support the monophyly of living and fossil Araucaria (including Araucarites), whereas the remaining extinct genera are placed as the stem of the agathioid clade. In terms of the sensitivity analyses performed, results suggest that inconsistencies among previous results would be related to ingroup sampling.Conclusions. By means of a combined phylogenetic analysis, we have been able to obtain a strongly supported and well-resolved phylogeny of Araucariaceae that includes both living species and fossil species for the group. This study shows the feasibility and usefulness of phylogenetic analyses that incorporate multiple sources of evidence (molecules/morphology, living/fossil species, discrete/continuous characters).

show abstract

Section: Relationships Of Extant Araucariaceaesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Morphological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils

Escapa

Catalano

2013

International Journal of Plant Sciences

119

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vascular plants were classified into subclasses and superorders following Chase and Reveal (2009). Families within subclasses and superorders were according to Christenhusz et al (2011aChristenhusz et al ( , 2011b for fern and gymnosperms, respectively, and the classification system of The Angiospermae Phylogenetic Group IV (2016), for the angiosperms. Species names were updated based on the Flora Argentina database (http://www.floraargentina.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of the vascular plants of Sierra Chica, the untouched area of the Paititi Natural Reserve (southeastern Tandilia mountain range, Buenos Aires province, Argentina)

Echeverría¹,

Alonso²,

Comparatore³

2017

CheckList

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Paititi Natural Reserve is located in the southeastern part of the Tandilia mountain range (Buenos Aires province, Argentina). With the aim of recording the floristic richness of Sierra Chica, an untouched area of the reserve, all vascular plants were inventoried and categorized by family, status, and life form. Altogether, 364 taxa from 72 families were found, with the most predominant families being Poaceae (20.7%), Asteraceae (20.1%), and Fabaceae (5.8%). We found 95 adventive species, 4 cosmopolitan, and 265 native. The most abundant life forms were hemicryptophytes (33.1%), therophytes (30.6%), and criptophytes (22.6%); the therophytes were mostly represented by adventive species. We also found species that were known from Buenos Aires province but not from mountainous areas. Despite being a small area within Argentina, Sierra Chica constitutes a valuable refuge for native flora of the Tandilia mountain range system, which is in danger of being affected by exotic plants. Key wordsFloristic inventory; life form; status; endemism; conservation; threatened species.

show abstract

“…However, the exact phylogenetic position of Gnetales in seed plants seems to be still obscure (Christenhusz et al 2011). Gnetales has been considered as the sister group of angiosperms because of its angiosperm-like morphology (Doyle 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Nawawi¹,

Syafii

Akiyama³

et al. 2016

Holzforschung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gnetum gnemon L. is a unique gymnosperm species showing angiosperm-like features in terms of its morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall. Xylan is the main hemicellulose component, and its lignin is primarily composed of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units and small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In the present study, in addition to branch, root, bark, and leaf samples, the reaction wood (RW) taken from the leaning stem of G. gnemon, was investigated mainly by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and NMR spectroscopy. The leaning stem was wider on the lower side of the wood stem (lsW) than on the upper side (usW), similar to the case for compression wood (CW) in gymnosperms. The usW contained lignin with a higher S/G ratio, and β-O-4 structure had a higher erythro/threo ratio, while both ratios decreased around the periphery of the stem towards the lsW. The lignin content was higher towards the lsW. Overall, the lignin composition in the RW of this tree was similar to that in the tension wood of angiosperms. The H-units were minor components in the lignin, but the content was higher towards the lsW, which resembles the distribution of the H-units in a gymnosperm CW.

show abstract

A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms

Cited by 413 publications

References 31 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils

Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils

Survey of the vascular plants of Sierra Chica, the untouched area of the Paititi Natural Reserve (southeastern Tandilia mountain range, Buenos Aires province, Argentina)

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms

Cited by 413 publications

References 31 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils

Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils

Survey of the vascular plants of Sierra Chica, the untouched area of&nbsp;the Paititi Natural Reserve (southeastern Tandilia mountain range,&nbsp;Buenos Aires province, Argentina)

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Survey of the vascular plants of Sierra Chica, the untouched area of the Paititi Natural Reserve (southeastern Tandilia mountain range, Buenos Aires province, Argentina)