A new application of Trichoderma asperellum as an anopheline larvicide for eco friendly management in medical science

Podder, Dipanjan; Ghosh, S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37108-2

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Podder and Ghosh [56] showed that Trichoderma asperellum could be used against Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of malaria. They investigated the efficacy of crude methanolic extracts and different methanolic fractions of the fungal extracts against anopheline larvae and concluded that the crude methanolic extract has new applications for the control of Anopheles spp.…”

Section: Effect Of Ingestion or Contact With S And Effects Of Volatilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Fungi Isolated from the Brazilian Restinga for Insecticidal Activity

Mussi‐Dias

Freire

Santos

et al. 2020

MRJI

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Research on microorganisms for the control of pests and pathogens is increasing. Such organisms display antagonistic effects on pests and pathogens, at the same time, they do not interfere with the sustainable development processes and are environmentally safe for human populations. Thus, bioprospection of fungi from restinga ecosystems is of interest as a novel source of microorganism and a yet unexplored source of chemical structures. This study selected endophytic fungi and fungi from the restinga soil samples to investigate their biological activity against insects. Fifty-three fungal isolates were used in screening bioassays against Atta sexdens rubropilosa leaf-cutting ant workers via direct contact of the insects with sporulating fungi cultures. This assay indicated that Trichoderma caused the highest mortality. Extracts from Trichoderma were then assessed for biological activity via ingestion, contact or exposure to fungal volatiles. Results showed that one Trichoderma sp. isolate (TR1) caused 50% mortality in 2, 1.5 and 4 days when ingested, sprayed onto the ants or by exposing ants to volatiles, respectively. Although this fungus is not known to be entomopathogenic, it could have potential use as an additional tool for pest control as it produces metabolites with antagonistic effects.

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Section: Effect Of Ingestion or Contact With S And Effects Of Volatilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Fungi Isolated from the Brazilian Restinga for Insecticidal Activity

Mussi‐Dias

Freire

Santos

et al. 2020

MRJI

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“…are saprophyte fungi whose natural habitats are the soils, where they perform many functions relevant to plant health. These fungi secrete auxins that promote root growth and defence mechanisms against different pathogens, insects and nematodes (Zhang et al 2015; Podder and Ghosh 2019). Tr ichoderma sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Trichoderma strains isolated from the rhizosphere of citrus tree to control Alternaria alternata , Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium digitatum A21 resistant to pyrimethanil in post‐harvest oranges ( Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck))

et al. 2020

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Aims: Penicillium digitatum, Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are pathogens responsible for large decays and production losses of citrus. They are commonly controlled by fungicides, whose excessive applications have led to the emergence of resistant P. digitatum strains. Alternative approaches are imperative for sustainable and environmental harmless citrus production, being biological control a promising strategy. The objective was to evaluate the potential of Trichoderma strains native from the rhizosphere of citrus trees to control these pathogens. Methods and Results: Seven strains were isolated and identified as Trichoderma harzianum, T. guizhouense, T. atroviride and T. koningiopsis through morphological and molecular analyses. Five of them showed effective antagonist performance in vitro against the pathogens. The strain T. harzianum IC-30 was the best biological control agent in vivo, obtaining a reduction of rot percentage around 80% after 3 weeks of infection of oranges with P. digitatum A21 (resistant to pyrimethanil). This strain also showed the highest chitinase and glucanase activities. Conclusions: Trichoderma harzianum IC-30 is an optimal antagonist for the control of green mould spreading and other pathogens in post-harvest citrus fruits. Significance and Impact of the Study: The strain combined with supplementary practices could lead to sustainable management of citrus fungal diseases, dispensing with synthetic fungicides.

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“…Larval PO is associated with melanin biosynthesis and haemocyte production for self defense; decreased PO indicates reduction of immunity which provide favourable conditions for pathogens growth inside the insect's body 25 . In our previous study, we have reported decreased larval phenol oxidase content in ME treated larval hemolymph and cuticle, in comparison with control 11 . For mycochemistry of ME , the crude ME was fractionized, and each fraction was evaluated against anopheline larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Title page An insight of anopheline larvicidal mechanism by a novel entomopathogen – Trichoderma asperellum (TaspSKGN2)

Ghosh

Podder

Mukerjee

2021

Preprint

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Anopheline larvicidal property of T. asperellum has been found recently in medical science. The mechanisms of action exhibited by T. asperellum to infect mosquito larvae is the pivotal context of our present study. To infect an insect, entomopathogens must undergo some events of pathogenesis. We performed some experiments to find out the mechanisms of action of T. asperellum against anopheline larvae and compared its actions with other two well recognized entomopathogens like Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. The methodology adopted for this includes Compound light and SE Microscopic study of host-pathogen interaction, detection of fungal spore adhesion on larval surface (Mucilage assay), detection of cuticle degrading enzymes (Spore bound pr1, Chitinase and Protease ) by spectro-photometric method, Quantitative estimation of Chitinase and Protease enzymes, and determination of nuclear degeneration of hemocyte cells of ME treated larvae by T. asperellum under florescence microscope. Compound light microscopic studies showed spore attachment, appressorium and germ tube formation, invasion and proliferated hyphal growth of T. asperellum on epicuticle and inside of dead larvae. SEM study also supported them. After 3 hrs of interaction, spores were found to be attached on larval surface exhibiting pink coloured outer layer at the site of attachment indicating the presence of mucilage surrounding the attached spores. The enzymatic cleavage of the 4-nitroanilide substrate yields 4-nitroaniline which indicates the presence of spore-bound PR1 protein and it was highest (absorbance 1.298 ± 0.002) for T. asperellum in comparison with control and other two entomopathogens. T. asperellum exhibited highest enzymatic index values for both chitinase (5.20) and protease (2.77) among three entomomethogens. Quantitative experiment showed that chitinase enzyme concentration of T. asperellum (245 µg/mL) was better than other two M. anisopliae (134.59 µg/mL) and B. bassiana (128.65 µg/mL). Similarly Protease enzyme concentration of this fungus was best (298.652 µg/mL) among three entomopathogens. Here we have detected and estimated fragmentized nuclei of hemocyte cells by fluorescence microscopy in treated larvae with different ME doses of T. asperellum, and also observed that mosquito larvae exposed to 0.1mg/ml dose of ME showed maximum (100%) nuclear fragmentations of hemocytes and while 20, 45, 70 and 85% of nuclear deformities were recorded at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mg/ml concentration of ME. The knowledge of this work certainly will help in understanding of mechanism of action of T. asperellum for anopheline larval killing and consequently in eradication of malaria vector.

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A new application of Trichoderma asperellum as an anopheline larvicide for eco friendly management in medical science

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Screening of Fungi Isolated from the Brazilian Restinga for Insecticidal Activity

Screening of Fungi Isolated from the Brazilian Restinga for Insecticidal Activity

Effectiveness of Trichoderma strains isolated from the rhizosphere of citrus tree to control Alternaria alternata , Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium digitatum A21 resistant to pyrimethanil in post‐harvest oranges ( Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck))

Title page An insight of anopheline larvicidal mechanism by a novel entomopathogen – Trichoderma asperellum (TaspSKGN2)

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