A New and Frequent Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Indeterminate Western Blot Pattern: Epidemiological Determinants and PCR Results in Central African Inhabitants

Filippone, Claudia; Bassot, Sylviane; Betsem, Edouard; Tortevoye, Patricia; Guillotte, Micheline; Mercereau‐Puijalon, Odile; Plancoulaine, Sabine; Calattini, Sara; Gessain, Antoine

doi:10.1128/jcm.06540-11

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…HTLV‐2 was not detected in Mozambique or Zambia, neighbouring countries of Malawi (Table ). Worldwide, HTLV‐2 is endemic in the Americas and associated with IVDU , but in Africa it is endemic in West and Central Africa, as confirmed by our systematic review . None of the reviewed studies reported IVDU but mostly unprotected sex as the risk factor for HTLV acquisition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2 amongst mothers and children in Malawi within the context of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of HTLV seroprevalence in Africa

Fox

Mutalima

Molyneux

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesHuman T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV)‐1 causes T‐cell leukaemia and myelopathy. Together with HTLV‐2, it is endemic in some African nations. Seroprevalence data from Malawi are scarce, with no reports on associated disease incidence. HTLV seroprevalence and type were tested in 418 healthy mothers from Malawi. In addition, we tested the sera of 534 children to investigate mother‐to‐child transmission. To provide context, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of HTLV seroprevalence in African women and children.MethodsStored samples from a previous childhood cancer and BBV study were analysed. ELISA was used for HTLV screening followed by immunoblot for confirmation and typing. Standard methods were used for the systematic review.Results HTLV seroprevalence was 2.6% (11/418) in mothers and 2.2% (12/534) in children. Three mothers carried HTLV‐1 alone, seven had HTLV‐2 and one was dually infected. Three children carried HTLV‐1 alone, seven had HTLV‐2 and two were dually infected. Only two corresponding mothers of the 12 HTLV‐positive children were HTLV positive. The systematic review included 66 studies of women and 13 of children conducted in 25 African countries. Seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 varied from 0 to 17% and of HTLV‐2 from 0 to 4%.ConclusionsIn contrast to findings from other studies in Africa, the seroprevalence of HTLV‐2 was higher than that of HTLV‐1 in Malawi and one of the highest for the African region. The lack of mother–child concordance suggests alternative sources of infection among children. Our data and analyses contribute to HTLV prevalence mapping in Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2 amongst mothers and children in Malawi within the context of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of HTLV seroprevalence in Africa

Fox

Mutalima

Molyneux

et al. 2016

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The proportion of indeterminate WB results is reported to be high in areas such as Zaire (68%) and Central Africa (65.65%) (11,12). The frequent occurrence of the indeterminate pattern in WB makes it difficult to diagnose the infection correctly.…”

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confidence: 99%

Proviral Features of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Carriers with Indeterminate Western Blot Analysis Results

et al. 2017

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Western blotting (WB) for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is performed to confirm anti-HTLV-1 antibodies detected at the initial screening of blood donors and in pregnant women. However, the frequent occurrence of indeterminate results is a problem with this test. We therefore assessed the cause of indeterminate WB results by analyzing HTLV-1 provirus genomic sequences. A quantitative PCR assay measuring HTLV-1 provirus in WB-indeterminate samples revealed that the median proviral load was approximately 100-fold lower than that of WBpositive samples (0.01 versus 0.71 copy/100 cells). Phylogenic analysis of the complete HTLV-1 genomes of WB-indeterminate samples did not identify any specific phylogenetic groups. When we analyzed the nucleotide changes in 19 HTLV-1 isolates from WB-indeterminate samples, we identified 135 single nucleotide substitutions,

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“…Our test samples were collected from donors who donated their blood in the Kinki area, which is in the middle part of the Japanese Main Island, and they were considered to be mostly Japanese. The superior anti‐Env detection performance is the most important aspect of our LIPS for HTLV‐1 analysis because zero or incomplete antibody responses against Env proteins frequently lead to WB‐indeterminate results in confirmatory tests …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superior anti-Env detection performance is the most important aspect of our LIPS for HTLV-1 analysis because zero or incomplete antibody responses against Env proteins frequently lead to WB-indeterminate results in confirmatory tests. [12][13][14] During the screening of donated blood, the most severe issue when determining the HTLV-1 infection status is the lack of gold standard tests, such as the highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) used for detecting HIV-1 and HIV-2 in serum. However, even when using genomic DNA purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measure the proviral load, HTLV-1 NAT frequently fails to detect proviral DNA in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers and patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of confirmatory tests for human T‐cell leukemia virus Type 1 using a luciferase immunoprecipitation system in blood donors

Furuta

Matsuoka

et al. 2014

Transfusion

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A New and Frequent Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Indeterminate Western Blot Pattern: Epidemiological Determinants and PCR Results in Central African Inhabitants

Cited by 35 publications

References 67 publications

Seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2 amongst mothers and children in Malawi within the context of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of HTLV seroprevalence in Africa

Seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2 amongst mothers and children in Malawi within the context of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of HTLV seroprevalence in Africa

Proviral Features of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Carriers with Indeterminate Western Blot Analysis Results

Reevaluation of confirmatory tests for human T‐cell leukemia virus Type 1 using a luciferase immunoprecipitation system in blood donors

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