A National Study of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt Among Incarcerated People in Iran

Khezri, Mehrdad; Sharifi, Hamid; Mirzazadeh, Ali; Mehmandoost, Soheil; Hosseini‐Hooshyar, Samira; Ghalekhani, Nima; Mehrabi, Fatemeh; Mahmoodabadi, Mina; Tavakoli, Fatemeh; Shokoohi, Mostafa; Karamouzian, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00773-6

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the current finding was lower than the study conducted in New Zealand 34.6% [ 42 ], Iran 38.2% [ 43 ], USA 38.7% [ 44 ], Belgium 32%, 44% [ 45 , 46 ], and China 33% [ 47 ]. The discrepancy might be due to the difference in assessment tools and sampled study participants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…In Ethiopia, there are inadequate mental health services in correctional facilities, and the prison environments are extremely harsh, which might increase the prevalence of prisoners' suicidal ideation and attempts. However, the current finding was lower than the study conducted in New Zealand 34.6% [42], Iran 38.2% [43], USA 38.7% [44], Belgium 32%, 44% [45,46], and China 33% [47]. The discrepancy might be due to the difference in assessment tools and sampled study participants.…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 86%

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Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Fentahun,

Wondie,

Melkam

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Suicide is a prominent source of harm and death globally, and it is the leading cause of premature death among prisoners. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design was performed from May 23 to June 22, 2022. After proportional allocation to the three correctional institutions, a total of 788 study participants were randomly recruited. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to evaluate suicide ideation and attempt. To determine factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. At a 95% confidence interval (CI) of P-value <0.05, statistical significance was declared. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners was 23.6% and 10.7%, with 95% CI (20.76, 26.70) and (8.68, 13.02), respectively. Female sex (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.05), family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.88), depression (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.43, 2.98), poor social support (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.85) and previous incarceration (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.86) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. However, being single (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.54), family history of suicide (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.01), depression (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.59, 4.31) and previous imprisonments (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.69) were associated with suicidal attempt. Conclusions The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners were found to be high. Therefore, the findings of this study recommend that early detection and design of prison mental health services should be delivered to develop mental health care, prevention, and intervention programs for incarcerated people to improve suicidal behavior in prison.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 86%

Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Fentahun,

Wondie,

Melkam

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Four important methodological limitations of the extant literature were identified in our systematic review; the first of which relates to measurement. A large number of studies were excluded from our analysis because they investigated a lifetime history of suicide attempts or did not distinguish between incidents occurring before and during imprisonment (e.g., Favril et al, 2020a;Gates et al, 2017;Holley et al, 1995;Jenkins et al, 2005;Khezri et al, 2022;Sarchiapone et al, 2009;Stoliker, 2018). Though many of these studies are of high quality and collected data from unselected prison populations using representative sampling techniques, they essentially report on risk factors for suicide attempts in prisoners (at some point in their lives) rather than in prison (while incarcerated).…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological studies indicate that one in five (19-22%) prisoners have attempted suicide at some point in their lives (Favril et al, 2020a;Favril & O'Connor, 2021;Jenkins et al, 2005;Khezri et al, 2022;Larney et al, 2012), which greatly exceeds the 3% lifetime prevalence among adults in the general population (Castillejos et al, 2021;Nock et al, 2008). Half of people who die by suicide in prison have previously attempted to do so, which increases the odds of suicide eight-fold (Zhong et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for suicide attempts in prison

Favril

Shaw

Fazel

2022

Clinical Psychology Review

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“…We then selected 14 large and 13 small prisons using a stratified random sampling approach. In the 2017 round, the sampling logic was similar to the sampling of previous rounds, but more prisons (33 prisons) were included in the survey [ 12 ]. Those aged 18 years or more who had been incarcerated for at least one week, had not participated in similar studies within the last two months, were Iranian, and provided verbal informed consent for participation in the study were eligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and continuum of care among incarcerated people in Iran from 2010 to 2017

et al. 2022

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Background Incarcerated people are at an increased risk of contracting HIV and transmitting it to the community post-release. In Iran, HIV epidemics inside prisons were first detected in the early 1990s. We assessed the HIV prevalence and its correlates, as well as the continuum of care among incarcerated people in Iran from 2010 to 2017. Methods We used data collected in three national bio-behavioral surveillance surveys among incarcerated individuals in 2010 (n = 4,536), 2013 (n = 5,490), and 2017 (n = 5,785) through a multistage cluster sampling approach. HIV was tested by the ELISA method in 2010 and 2013 surveys and rapid tests in 2017. Data on demographic characteristics, risky behaviors, HIV testing, and treatment were collected via face-to-face interviews. HIV prevalence estimates along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Using data from the 2017 round, multivariable logistic regression models were built to assess the correlates of HIV sero-positivity and conduct HIV cascade of care analysis. Results The HIV prevalence was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.2%, 3.6%) in 2010, 1.7% (95% CI: 1.3%, 2.1%) in 2013, and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%, 1.1%) in 2017 (trend P value < 0.001). Among people with a history of injection drug use, HIV prevalence was 8.1% (95% CI: 4.6%, 13.8%) in 2010, 6.3% (95% CI: 4.8%, 8.3%) in 2013, and 3.9% (95% CI: 2.7%, 5.7%) in 2017. In 2017, 64% (32 out of 50) of incarcerated people living with HIV were aware of their HIV status, of whom 45% (9 out of 20) were on antiretroviral therapy, and of whom 44% (4 out of 9) were virally suppressed (< 1000 copies/ml). Conclusions While HIV prevalence has decreased among incarcerated people in Iran, their engagement in the HIV continuum of care is suboptimal. Further investments in programs to link incarcerated people to HIV care and retain them in treatment are warranted.

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A National Study of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt Among Incarcerated People in Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Prevalence and risk factors for suicide attempts in prison

HIV prevalence and continuum of care among incarcerated people in Iran from 2010 to 2017

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