A Mycobacterium species for Crohn's disease?

Aitken, John; Phan, Khoi; Bodman, Samantha E.; Sharma, Sonali; Watt, Anthony P; George, Peter M.; Agrawal, Gaurav; Tie, Andrew B.M.

doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2021.03.003

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In a study by Agrawal G et al a patient with CD could achieve profound mucosal healing after anti-MAP treatment alone. 49 , 50 All these studies suggest that anti-MAP therapeutic vaccines are effective in patients with IBD and may be more widely used in the future. Failure of other therapeutic measures or poor patient response to other modalities are indications for anti-MAP therapy, especially in patients with IBD who have met the criteria for bowel resection; contraindications to anti-MAP therapy mainly include conditions such as allergy to any of the components or leukopenia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Liu,

Liao

2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Recently, several novel medications, such as Ustekinumab, Infliximab, and Vedolizumab, have emerged as potential options for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) management. Despite achieving some effects in clinical applications, these therapies are still plagued by inadequate response rates and adverse side effects. With rapid progress in immunological research, therapeutic vaccines are gaining traction as an alternative. These vaccines aim to activate the body’s immune system to generate specific antibodies, thereby offering a potential avenue for treating IBD. The efficacy and safety of vaccines, coupled with their potential to mitigate the financial and healthcare burden associated with disease treatment, render therapeutic vaccines a more favorable approach for managing patients with IBD. In this review, we critically examine the existing literature pertaining to therapeutic vaccines for IBD, aiming to offer researchers a comprehensive understanding of their applications and prospects and stimulate novel vaccine development by presenting innovative ideas in this field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Liu,

Liao

2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Using alternative staining techniques and culture media, we are able to detect the presence of CWDM in human blood and tissue samples within two months, if the subject is in an acute phase of the illness [20]. The variant of the Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain used by many laboratories is optimised for the detection of MTBC.…”

Section: The Importance Of the Diagnostic Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease—Diagnostic Microbiological Investigations Can Inform New Therapeutic Approaches

Aitken,

Agrawal

2024

Antibiotics

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Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of Johne’s disease (JD), which is a chronic infectious gastrointestinal disease of ruminants and is often fatal. In humans, MAP has been associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) for over a century, without conclusive evidence of pathogenicity. Numerous researchers have contributed to the subject, but there is still a need for evidence of the causation of CD by MAP. An infectious aetiology in CD that is attributable to MAP can only be proven by bacteriological investigations. There is an urgency in resolving this question due to the rising global incidence rates of CD. Recent papers have indicated the “therapeutic ceiling” may be close in the development of new biologics. Clinical trial outcomes have demonstrated mild or inconsistent improvements in therapeutic interventions over the last decades when compared with placebo. The necessity to revisit therapeutic options for CD is becoming more urgent and a renewed focus on causation is essential for progress in identifying new treatment options. This manuscript discusses newer interventions, such as vaccination, FMT, dietary remediation and gut microbiome regulation, that will become more relevant as existing therapeutic options expire. Revisiting the MAP theory as a potential infectious cause of CD, rather than the prevailing concept of an “aberrant immune response” will require expanding the current therapeutic programme to include potential new alternatives, and combinations of existing treatments. To advance research on MAP in humans, it is essential for microbiologists and medical scientists to microscopically detect CWDM and to biologically amplify the growth by directed culture.

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“… 174 Although there are still debates on the possible involvement of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in the onset of CD, Aitken et al successfully identified this organism in excised tissues of 18 IBD patients, with none detected in the 15 samples of non-IBD control. 175 A recent, in silico vaccine design from MVs derived from MAP, showed that the multi-epitope vaccine obtained by stitching antigenic, immunogenic, and IFN-γ-inducing B-cell, MHC-I, and MHC-II epitopes through linkers could be a promising vaccine candidate against MAP, although both in vitro and in vivo experiments are required for solid confirmation. 176…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Applications Of Mvs In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Olovo,

Wiredu Ocansey,

et al. 2024

Gut Microbes

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD. This review discusses the overview of MVs and their impact in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD. We further discuss the technical challenges facing this research area and possible research questions addressing these challenges. We summarize recent advances in the diverse relationship between IBD and MVs, and the application of this knowledge as a viable and potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.

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A Mycobacterium species for Crohn's disease?

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Vaccination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Vaccination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease—Diagnostic Microbiological Investigations Can Inform New Therapeutic Approaches

Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

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