A multidisciplinary experimental study on the effects of breeders diet on newborn seahorses (Hippocampus guttulatus)

Abstract

The global trade in seahorses is increasing and new rearing techniques are currently available for a few species. One of the main bottlenecks in seahorse production is reproduction success, which is dependent upon the administration of high quality diets to breeders. However, very little is known about the most adequate diets, on how they should be administered and on how they might affect newborn performance. In this study, three homogeneous groups of adult seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus were maintained in captivity. Each group was fed on one of the following diets since the onset of the breeding period: Unenriched adult Artemia (Diet A), unenriched adult Artemia and mysidaceans (Diet AM) and mysidaceans (Diet M). As a positive control we used a wild pregnant male. The mixed diet AM provided the highest overall breeding success and reasonable fatty acid profiles, and better resembled newborn from a wild male. The use of only mysidaceans (Diet M) provided the worse results in spite of the high DHA content. Significant differences were observed in newborn characteristics and fatty acid profiles among dietary groups and along the breeding season, especially in total n-3 HUFA and DHA. Monospecific diets including Artemia or mysidaceans very likely suffered nutritional deficiencies, which were reflected in morphological alterations of the muscle tissue (diet A) or abnormal early mortalities in newborn (diet M). Three progressive stages were identified along the whole breeding period: Initial mixed capital-income period (100 – 120 days since the onset of the breeding period), followed by an inflexion period (short transitional stage - income sources), and finally a long period characterized by the use of income sources and the progressive exhaustion of body reserves. Special attention should be deserved to the progressive changes in fatty acid profiles along the breeding season, resulting in a decrease in newborn performance. Considering the time required for a diet to be reflected in newborn, we recommend Hippocampus guttulatus breeders to be fed on a high quality diet for at least three months prior the breeding period.

Marine amphipods as a new live prey for ornamental aquaculture: exploring the potential of Parhyale hawaiensis and Elasmopus pectenicrus

“…Similarly, the use of live/frozen foods, mainly Artemia and mysid shrimps, is mandatory for the successful early culture of some cephalopod, lobster and shrimp species ( Baeza-Rojano et al, 2010 ; Baeza-Rojano et al, 2013b ; Wang & Jeffs, 2014 ; Planas et al, 2017 ). Conversely, the successful reproduction of several ornamental species in captivity, such as the Pacific blue tang ( Paracanthurus hepatus) , is challenging and require the use of high quality live or frozen food organisms included in the broodstock diet ( Craig, Gardner & Carnevali, 2017 ; DiMaggio et al, 2017 ; Planas et al, 2020 ).…”

Effects of Tissue Preservation on Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Signatures in Syngnathid Fishes and Prey

“…In the present study, samples of fin tissue were analysed for seahorses and pipefishes and both performed similarly (data not shown). Fin clipping has been successfully used on syngnathids in isotopic field [21] and laboratory studies [22], both in seahorses and pipefishes.…”

“…Where lethal sampling is not desirable, other fish tissues such as fins and scales are non-lethal alternatives for muscle [13,[15][16][17][18], especially in threatened and endangered species [19][20][21][22]. The isotopic signals from those surrogate tissues can be converted to muscle values by means of mathematical corrections obtained from inter-tissue comparisons.…”