A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21

Sinnl, Giulia; Winstrup, Mai; Erhardt, Tobias; Cook, Eliza; Jensen, Camilla Marie; Svensson, Anders; Vinther, Bo M.; Muscheler, Raimund; Rasmussen, S. O.

doi:10.5194/cp-18-1125-2022

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The upper part of the EGRIP core was first dated by transferring GICC05 to the core by matching of mainly volcanic markers (Mojtabavi et al, 2020;Gerber et al, 2021). Later, the EastGRIP records were included in the GICC revision, leading to a revised time scale for the past 3.8 ka (Sinnl et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Egrip Corementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the GICC05 and GICC21 work, ECM was the main data set used for synchronization, but DEP conductivity data were used for synchronization of cores where there are gaps in the ECM data, and occasionally for supporting the annual-layer identification across data gaps in the impurity records (Rasmussen et al, 2006;Sinnl et al, 2022).…”

Section: Dielectrical Properties (Dep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)

Rasmussen¹,

Dahl‐Jensen²,

Fischer³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. We here describe, document, and make available a wide range of data sets used for annual layer identification in ice cores from DYE-3, GRIP, NGRIP, NEEM, and EGRIP. The data stem from detailed measurements performed both on the main deep cores and shallow cores over more than forty years using many different setups developed by research groups in several countries, and comprise both discrete measurements from cut ice samples and continuous-flow analysis data. The data series were used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) and/or the revised GICC21. Now that the underlying data are made available, we also release the individual annual layer positions of the GICC05 time scale which are based on these data sets. We hope that the release of the data sets will stimulate further studies of the past climate taking advantage of these highly resolved data series covering a large part of the interior of the Greenland ice sheet.

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Section: The Egrip Corementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dielectrical Properties (Dep)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)

Rasmussen¹,

Dahl‐Jensen²,

Fischer³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…We then compared our time scale (SE2time2023) with the GrIS ice-core chronology GICC21 (Sinnl et al, 2022).…”

Section: Core Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

SE‐Dome II Ice Core Dating With Half‐Year Precision: Increasing Melting Events From 1799 to 2020 in Southeastern Greenland

Kawakami,

Iizuka,

Sasage

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Arctic warming has accelerated surface melting even in the highland areas of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). Understanding the relationship between climate and surface melting is essential for improving the estimates of ice‐sheet mass loss due to warming. Here we analyze a 250 m‐long ice core from the southeastern dome of GrIS (SE‐Dome site; 67°19′17″ N, 36°47′03″ W, 3161 m a.s.l.), where the annual mean temperature is −20.9 °C and the accumulation rate is high and there is a large discrepancy among climate models regarding snow accumulation estimates. A time scale was established for 1799–2020 with a half‐year uncertainty using annual counting of H2O2 concentration and five time horizons determined by electrical conductivity, melt events, and tritium concentration. The annual accumulation rate from the ice core shows no significant trend over 221 years and has an average of 1.04 ± 0.20 m w.e. yr−1. In contrast, the frequency and thickness of refrozen melt layer have increased over 221 years, and are synchronized with temperature changes in the Arctic. The thickness of the melt layers correlates positively with the time‐integrated summer temperature anomaly using a reanalysis of air temperature. The in‐situ accumulation records in the southeastern GrIS provide an important basis for correcting reanalysis data such as ERA5, which in turn are valuable for improving regional climate models.

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“…These snow layers are characterized by an increased concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate ions and by higher electrical conductivity (Hammer, 1980). The firn and ice cores recovered as a result of drilling through the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are thus valuable sources of The volcanic peaks discovered in the cores are also used as absolute age markers that help to improve the dating of the cores in case if a volcanic event can be robustly identified (Sinnl et al, 2022). Even if a peak cannot be attributed to the specific eruption, identical peaks can be used to transfer the depth-age function from a betterdated core to a poorer-dated core (Veres et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A record of volcanic eruptions over the past 2,200 years from Vostok firn cores, central East Antarctica

et al. 2023

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Introduction: The products of volcanic eruptions found in the snow, firn and ice deposits of the polar ice sheets are precious sources of information on the volcanic forcing of the climate system in the recent or remote past. On the other hand, the layers containing the traces of well-known eruptions serve as absolute age markers that help to construct the depth-age scale for the snow-firn thickness.Methods: In this study we present new records of the sulfate concentrations and electrical conductivity (ECM) from three shallow (up to 70 m depth) firn cores drilled in the vicinity of Vostok station (central East Antarctica).Results: In the non-sea-salt sulfate and ECM profiles we were able to identify 68 peaks that can be interpreted as traces of volcanic events.Discussion: 22 of these peaks can be unambiguously attributed to well-known volcanic eruptions (including Tambora 1816 CE, Huaynaputina 1601 CE, Samalas 1258 CE, Ilopango 541 CE and others), which allowed to construct a robust depth-age scale for the cores. 37 events have their counterparts in other Antarctic cores, but cannot be associated with welldated eruptions. Finally, 9 peaks do not have analogues in the other cores, i.e., they may be traces of so far unknown volcanic events. According to the newly constructed depth-age function, the deepest studied firn layers (70.20 m) are dated by 192 BCE.

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A multi-ice-core, annual-layer-counted Greenland ice-core chronology for the last 3800 years: GICC21

Cited by 19 publications

References 127 publications

Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)

Ice-core data used for the construction of the Greenland Ice-Core Chronology 2005 and 2021 (GICC05 and GICC21)

SE‐Dome II Ice Core Dating With Half‐Year Precision: Increasing Melting Events From 1799 to 2020 in Southeastern Greenland

A record of volcanic eruptions over the past 2,200 years from Vostok firn cores, central East Antarctica

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