A Multi-Generation Sublethal Assay of Phenols Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Tominaga, Nobuaki; Kohra, Shinya; Iguchi, Taisen; Arizono, Koji

doi:10.1248/jhs.49.459

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Because of the shorter exposure time, phenanthrene concentrations in adults from the first generation (P) were somewhat lower than concentrations in animals from the next generations (F1, F2, F3, F4). Adults from the fourth generation (F3) exposed to the highest remaining phenan- threne concentration in the soil (163 µmol/kg dry soil), which became extinct, showed the highest internal phenanthrene concentration (3.46 µmol PHT/g WW) and the highest BSAF (14). Phenanthrene concentrations and BSAFs for the tenth generation were lowest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each generation, actual phenanthrene concentrations in the soil were determined at the beginning, halfway (day 14), and at the end of the exposure period (day 28/35) by Soxhlet extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Approximately 13 g of soil were mixed with an equal amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate and extracted for five hours using hexane (HPLC grade, Biosolve, Valkenswaard, The Netherlands).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multigeneration Exposure of the Springtail Folsomia candida to Phenanthrene: From Dose−Response Relationships to Threshold Concentrations

Paumen

Steenbergen

Kraak

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Results of life-cycle toxicity experiments are supposed to be indicative for long-term effects of exposure to toxicants. Several studies, however, have shown that adaptation or extinction of populations exposed for several generations may occur. The aim of this study was therefore to determine if the effects of the PAH phenanthrene on survival and reproduction of the springtail Folsomia candida exposed for 10 consecutive generations to contaminated soil would progressively increase, or, alternatively, if adaptation of the test organisms to the toxicant would occur. LC50 values for the first four generations were similar (171−215 μmol/kg dry soil), as expected for a narcotic compound. In the fourth generation, springtails exposed to a concentration similar to the EC50 for one generation (163 μmol/kg dry soil) showed internal phenanthrene concentrations in the range known to cause mortality; no reproduction took place, and the population went extinct. From the fifth generation onwards, survival and reproduction were not affected by the remaining exposure concentrations. Apparently, up to a certain threshold concentration (above 77 and below 163 μmol/kg dry soil), the springtails were able to metabolize phenanthrene, as shown by the lack of adverse effects and the lack of adaptation. During multigeneration exposure, the graded concentration−response relationship changed into an all-or-nothing response with a defined threshold concentration. Together with the worsening of effects, this raises concerns about the use of single-generation studies to tackle long-term population effects of environmental toxicants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigeneration Exposure of the Springtail Folsomia candida to Phenanthrene: From Dose−Response Relationships to Threshold Concentrations

Paumen

Steenbergen

Kraak

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…They concluded that the reproductive parameters were the most sensitive and the offspring daphnids seemed unadapted to the target compound. Further available studies on multigenerational exposure of organic compounds have shown that the toxic effect, especially in reproduction, tended to be intensified with increasing generation number (Nash et al 2004;Tominaga et al 2003). On the other hand, there have been several studies showing opposite reversed trend relating to reproduction in a multigenerational study.…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The individual and population effects of tetracycline on Daphnia magna in multigenerational exposure

Kim

Lee

et al. 2012

Ecotoxicology

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Multigenerational exposure of Daphnia magna to tetracycline was carried out through four consecutive generations. The effects of tetracycline on the survival, reproduction and growth of D. magna were assessed over a period of 21 days per generation. The evaluated endpoints were overall fecundity (total mean neonates per female over 21 days), time to first reproduction, longevity, molting number and somatic growth, such as body weight and body length. Using the results obtained for reproduction and survival rates, the intrinsic population growth rate (PGR) was calculated and compared throughout the generations. Reproductive impairment was observed in all generations and magnified with increasing generation number. The value of no observed effect concentration on D. magna also markedly decreased with increasing generation number. This subsequently resulted in a reduction of the PGR value. In addition, the PGR value was decreased with increasing exposure concentration, decreasing by about 30 and 60% at 0.1 and 5.0 mg/L tetracycline, respectively. On the other hands, somatic growth increased with increasing generation number, because the remaining input energy from the reduced reproduction was mainly used for body maintenance. As a result, the somatic growth and reproduction showed reversed trends on continuous exposure of tetracycline to four generations. In conclusion, multigenerational exposure of tetracycline can induce overall responses on reproduction and the somatic growth of D. magna. Moreover, the PGR value of D. magna exposed to tetracycline was reduced with increasing generation number; thereby, inhibiting the long term propagation of D. magna.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Previous studies demonstrated that the use of 1.7% agar Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) plates and C. elegans permits multi-generation sublethal toxicity testing of chemicals that are poorly soluble in water. 10) In this study, we investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of some kinds of perfluoro organic compounds on C. elegans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Perfluoro Organic Compound Toxicity on Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Fecundity

Tominaga

Kohra

Iguchi

et al. 2004

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Toxicity studies using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism have shown that perfluoro organic compounds have sub-lethal toxicity at the 10 pM-100 nM range on multi-generation assays. We examined the acute lethal toxicity and multi-generational sublethal toxicity (fecundity and reproduction) of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and salts of perfluoro-1-octansulfonic acid (PFOS) using 1.7% agar Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) plates. The fluorine compounds affected the fecundity of C. elegans at concentrations 10 5 -to 10 8 -fold lower than the median effective concentrations (EC 50 ). In particular, worm abundance during the first generation did not differ significantly from controls, while in contrast, the number of worms in the fourth generation at 10 pM PFOStetraethylammonium (TEA) decreased significantly to about 50% of control (p < 0.01) and the number of eggs and worms in the fourth generation at 1 nM PFNA decreased significantly to about 30% of control (p < 0.01). However, no dose-response relationship was observed in this study. We confirmed that perfluoro organic compounds strongly disrupt fecundity in C. elegans.

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A Multi-Generation Sublethal Assay of Phenols Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Multigeneration Exposure of the Springtail Folsomia candida to Phenanthrene: From Dose−Response Relationships to Threshold Concentrations

Multigeneration Exposure of the Springtail Folsomia candida to Phenanthrene: From Dose−Response Relationships to Threshold Concentrations

The individual and population effects of tetracycline on Daphnia magna in multigenerational exposure

Effects of Perfluoro Organic Compound Toxicity on Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Fecundity

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