A monitoring program for Patagonian foxes based on power analysis

Travaini, Alejandro; Rodrı́guez, Alejandro; Procopio, Diego; Zapata, Sonia C.; Zanón, Juan I.; Martínez-Peck, Rolando

doi:10.1007/s10344-009-0337-5

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, van Hespen, Hauser, Benshemesh, Rumpff, and Lahoz‐Monfort (2019) demonstrated through simulation modelling that small changes in environmental factors, budget constraints and monitoring design can affect the chances of a monitoring programme successfully achieving its intended outcomes. These are crucial considerations for developing effective monitoring programmes, yet there are relatively few examples in the published peer‐reviewed literature where power analysis has been used to inform carnivore monitoring (but see Ramsey et al., 2017; Travaini et al., 2010; van Hespen et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of camera placement for detection of free‐ranging carnivores; implications for assessing population changes

Geyle

Stevens

Duffy

et al. 2020

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Introduced carnivores are often cryptic, making it difficult to quantify their presence in ecosystems, and assess how this varies in relation to management interventions. Survey design should thus seek to improve detectability and maximize statistical power to ensure sound inference regarding carnivore population trends. Roads may facilitate carnivore movements, possibly leading to high detectability. Therefore, targeting roads may improve inferences about carnivore populations. 2. We assessed our ability to monitor feral cats Felis catus and red foxes Vulpes vulpes on-and off-road, with explicit consideration of the location of monitoring sites on our ability to detect population changes. We also assessed whether there was evidence of spatial or temporal interaction between these species that might influence their roaduse. 3. Surveys were conducted in a conservation reserve in southeastern Australia between 2016 and 2018. At each of 30 sites, we deployed two motion-sensor cameras, one on-road, and the other off-road. Using occupancy models, we estimated cat and fox occupancy and detectability, and conducted a power analysis to assess our ability to detect declines in occupancy under three monitoring regimes (efforts targeted equally on-and off-road, efforts targeted entirely off-road and efforts targeted entirely onroad). 4. On average, on-road detectability was seven times higher for cats and three times higher for foxes. Targeting survey effort on-road yielded the greatest power for detecting declines in both species, but our ability to detect smaller declines decreased with decreasing initial occupancy probability. No level of decline was detectable for cats This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of camera placement for detection of free‐ranging carnivores; implications for assessing population changes

Geyle

Stevens

Duffy

et al. 2020

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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“…Further, [39] only found significant differences in the red fox picture index before and after intensive fox control in one of two years, even though the index value decreased by 23% in the non significant year. Earlier studies using track plots, which have similar statistical properties, revealed large standard deviations [40] and low power to detect significant differences [41] , [42] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Reliable Estimates of Abundance: Comparing Index Methods to Assess the Abundance of a Mammalian Predator

2014

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Due to time and financial constraints indices are often used to obtain landscape-scale estimates of relative species abundance. Using two different field methods and comparing the results can help to detect possible bias or a non monotonic relationship between the index and the true abundance, providing more reliable results. We used data obtained from camera traps and feces counts to independently estimate relative abundance of red foxes in the Black Forest, a forested landscape in southern Germany. Applying negative binomial regression models, we identified landscape parameters that influence red fox abundance, which we then used to predict relative red fox abundance. We compared the estimated regression coefficients of the landscape parameters and the predicted abundance of the two methods. Further, we compared the costs and the precision of the two field methods. The predicted relative abundances were similar between the two methods, suggesting that the two indices were closely related to the true abundance of red foxes. For both methods, landscape diversity and edge density best described differences in the indices and had positive estimated effects on the relative fox abundance. In our study the costs of each method were of similar magnitude, but the sample size obtained from the feces counts (262 transects) was larger than the camera trap sample size (88 camera locations). The precision of the camera traps was lower than the precision of the feces counts. The approach we applied can be used as a framework to compare and combine the results of two or more different field methods to estimate abundance and by this enhance the reliability of the result.

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“…We performed long-term monitoring and intensive field surveys of canid distribution and abundance during a 15-yr period (1998–2012) in BPNP and an 8-yr period in MLNP (2009–2016). Surveys included bait stations (Travaini et al, 2010), active searches for canid signs (footprints or faeces) and trapping campaigns. Although these surveys were primarily targeted at wild canids, we also recorded dog occurrence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the natural circulation of canine vector-borne pathogens in foxes, ticks and fleas in protected areas of Argentine Patagonia with negligible dog participation

Millán

Travaini

Sacristán

et al. 2019

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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We collected blood and/or ectoparasites from 49 South American grey foxes (Lycalopex griseus) and two Andean foxes (L. culpaeus) caught in two National Parks of southern Argentine Patagonia (Bosques Petrificados, BPNP; and Monte León, MLNP) where dogs are nearly absent (density < 0.01 dog/km2). Common ectoparasites were the flea Pulex irritans (88% prevalence) and the tick Amblyomma tigrinum (29%). Conventional PCR and sequencing of 49 blood samples, 299 fleas analysed in 78 pools, and 21 ticks revealed the presence of DNA of the following canine vector-borne pathogens: in grey foxes, Rickettsia sp. (3%), hemoplasmas (8%), including Mycoplasma haemocanis, and Hepatozoon sp. (50%); in P. irritans, Bartonella spp. (72% of flea pools from 76% of foxes), mostly B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii but also B. rochalimae, Anaplasmataceae (Wolbachia sp.; 60% and 54%), and M. haemocanis/haemofelis (29% and 18%); and in A. tigrinum, Hepatozoon sp. (33% of ticks in 4 of 7 foxes). No piroplasmid DNA was detected in any sample. Andean foxes were negative for all tested pathogens. Two different Hepatozoon haplotypes were detected: the most prevalent was phylogenetically associated with H. felis, and the other with H. americanum and related sequences. Amblyomma tigrinum and Hepatozoon sp. were more abundant and/or prevalent in BPNP than in colder MLNP, 300 km southwards, perhaps located close to the limit for tick suitability. Bartonella v. berkhoffii was also significantly more prevalent in fleas of foxes in BPNP than in MLNP. This study provides novel information about natural host-pathogen associations in wildlife, markedly extends the distribution area in South America of arthropods and vector-borne pathogens of veterinary and public health interest, and contributes preliminary evidence about the potential role of A. tigrinum and P. irritans as vectors, respectively, for potentially new species of Hepatozoon from Lycalopex spp. and for M. haemocanis that should be further investigated.

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A monitoring program for Patagonian foxes based on power analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Evaluation of camera placement for detection of free‐ranging carnivores; implications for assessing population changes

Evaluation of camera placement for detection of free‐ranging carnivores; implications for assessing population changes

Toward Reliable Estimates of Abundance: Comparing Index Methods to Assess the Abundance of a Mammalian Predator

Assessing the natural circulation of canine vector-borne pathogens in foxes, ticks and fleas in protected areas of Argentine Patagonia with negligible dog participation

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