A Molecular View of Plant Local Adaptation: Incorporating Stress-Response Networks

VanWallendael, Acer; Soltani, Afshin; Emery, Nathan; Peixoto, Murilo de Melo; Olsen, Jason; Lowry, David B.

doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100114

Cited by 110 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 195 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Among tree species with a wide range of morphology and growth potential, slow-growing species having a conservative resource-use strategy are least sensitive to drought [19], although the trade-off between drought tolerance and plant growth is not always significant [20]. Moreover, the C-S-R theory does not similarly employ to all abiotic stresses [21]. A trade-off between plant growth rate and cold hardiness, but not for drought, occurred among plants in 56 families of Douglas-fir [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in five contrasting highland quinoa cultivars

Cai

Gao

2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background: Chenopodium quinoa Willd., a halophytic crop, shows great variability among different genotypes in response to salt. To investigate the salinity tolerance mechanisms, five contrasting quinoa cultivars belonging to highland ecotype were compared for their seed germination (under 0, 100 and 400 mM NaCl) and seedling's responses under five salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl).Results: Substantial variations were found in plant size (biomass) and overall salinity tolerance (plant biomass in salt treatment as % of control) among the different quinoa cultivars. Plant salinity tolerance was negatively associated with plant size, especially at lower salinity levels (< 300 mM NaCl), but salt tolerance between seed germination and seedling growth was not closely correlated. Except for shoot/root ratio, all measured plant traits responded to salt in a genotype-specific way. Salt stress resulted in decreased plant height, leaf area, root length, and root/shoot ratio in each cultivar. With increasing salinity levels, leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lipid peroxidation generally increased, but catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities showed non-linear patterns. Organic solutes (soluble sugar, proline and protein) accumulated in leaves, whereas inorganic ion (Na + and K + ) increased but K + / Na + decreased in both leaves and roots. Across different salinity levels and cultivars, without close relationships with antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, or CAT), salinity tolerance was significantly negatively correlated with organic solute and malondialdehyde contents in leaves and inorganic ion contents in leaves or roots (except for root K + content), but positively correlated with K + /Na + ratio in leaves or roots. Conclusion:Our results indicate that leaf osmoregulation, K + retention, Na + exclusion, and ion homeostasis are the main physiological mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance of these cultivars, rather than the regulations of leaf antioxidative ability. As an index of salinity tolerance, K + /Na + ratio in leaves or roots can be used for the selective breeding of highland quinoa cultivars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in five contrasting highland quinoa cultivars

Cai

Gao

2020

BMC Plant Biol

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“…Indeed, in their recent review on stress response networks in plant local adaptation, VanWallendael et al. () highlight that “integrating field‐based studies of local adaptation with mechanistic physiological and molecular biology promises advances in multiple areas of plant science.”…”

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confidence: 99%

“…One clear path toward linking sequence polymorphism to ecologically relevant traits, and ultimately to fitness, is to conduct detailed studies of the molecular and physiological mechanisms of adaptive traits in study systems for which local adaptation has already been demonstrated (Tonsor et al, 2005). Indeed, in their recent review on stress response networks in plant local adaptation, VanWallendael et al (2019) highlight that "integrating field-based studies of local adaptation with mechanistic physiological and molecular biology promises advances in multiple areas of plant science. "…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic and physiological mechanisms of freezing tolerance in locally adapted populations of a winter annual

Sanderson

Park

Jameel

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise Despite myriad examples of local adaptation, the phenotypes and genetic variants underlying such adaptive differentiation are seldom known. Recent work on freezing tolerance and local adaptation in ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana from Italy and Sweden provides an essential foundation for uncovering the genotype–phenotype–fitness map for an adaptive response to a key environmental stress. Methods We examined the consequences of a naturally occurring loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutation in an Italian allele of the gene that encodes the transcription factor CBF2, which underlies a major freezing‐tolerance locus. We used four lines with a Swedish genetic background, each containing a LOF CBF2 allele. Two lines had introgression segments containing the Italian CBF2 allele, and two contained deletions created using CRISPR‐Cas9. We used a growth chamber experiment to quantify freezing tolerance and gene expression before and after cold acclimation. Results Freezing tolerance was lower in the Italian (11%) compared to the Swedish (72%) ecotype, and all four experimental CBF2 LOF lines had reduced freezing tolerance compared to the Swedish ecotype. Differential expression analyses identified 10 genes for which all CBF2 LOF lines, and the IT ecotype had similar patterns of reduced cold responsive expression compared to the SW ecotype. Conclusions We identified 10 genes that are at least partially regulated by CBF2 that may contribute to the differences in cold‐acclimated freezing tolerance between the Italian and Swedish ecotypes. These results provide novel insight into the molecular and physiological mechanisms connecting a naturally occurring sequence polymorphism to an adaptive response to freezing conditions.

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“…), rockcress (Boechera stricta), and monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp. ), where studies have revealed the genetic architecture and molecular basis of adaptive traits, including flowering time (Blackman et al, 2011), flowering phenology (Anderson et al, 2013), physiological adaptations to contrasting environments (Rieseberg et al, 2003) and drought resistance (Lowry & Willis, 2010;VanWallendael et al, 2019). In S. lautus, where multiple pairs of dune and headland populations have evolved repeatedly and independently along the Australian coast, genomic approaches are providing important insights into the genetic changes associated with rapid adaptive divergence.…”

Section: Genomics Of Adaptation and Parallel Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and fitness

et al. 2020

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Summary Two major developments have made it possible to use examples of ecological radiations as model systems to understand evolution and ecology. First, the integration of quantitative genetics with ecological experiments allows detailed connections to be made between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in the field. Second, dramatic advances in molecular genetics have created new possibilities for integrating field and laboratory experiments with detailed genetic sequencing. Combining these approaches allows evolutionary biologists to better study the interplay between genotype, phenotype, and fitness to explore a wide range of evolutionary processes. Here, we present the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as an excellent system to integrate these developments, and to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution. Senecio is one of the largest and most phenotypically diverse genera of flowering plants, containing species ranging from woody perennials to herbaceous annuals. These Senecio species exhibit many growth habits, life histories, and morphologies, and they occupy a multitude of environments. Common within the genus are species that have hybridized naturally, undergone polyploidization, and colonized diverse environments, often through rapid phenotypic divergence and adaptive radiation. These diverse experimental attributes make Senecio an attractive model system in which to address a broad range of questions in evolution and ecology.

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A Molecular View of Plant Local Adaptation: Incorporating Stress-Response Networks

Cited by 110 publications

References 195 publications

Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in five contrasting highland quinoa cultivars

Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in five contrasting highland quinoa cultivars

Genetic and physiological mechanisms of freezing tolerance in locally adapted populations of a winter annual

Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and fitness

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