We propose a new method for molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, which is referred to as the replica-permutation method (RPM), to realize more efficient sampling than the replicaexchange method (REM). In RPM not only exchanges between two replicas but also permutations among more than two replicas are performed. Furthermore, instead of the Metropolis algorithm, the Suwa-Todo algorithm is employed for replica-permutation trials to minimize its rejection ratio.We applied RPM to particles in a double-well potential energy, Met-enkephalin in vacuum, and a C-peptide analog of ribonuclease A in explicit water. For a comparison purposes, replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations were also performed. As a result, RPM sampled not only the temperature space but also the conformational space more efficiently than REM for all systems.From our simulations of C-peptide, we obtained the α-helix structure with salt-bridges between Gly2 and Arg10 which is known in experiments. Calculating its free-energy landscape, the folding pathway was revealed from an extended structure to the α-helix structure with the salt-bridges.We found that the folding pathway consists of the two steps: The first step is the "salt-bridge formation step", and the second step is the "α-helix formation step". * Electronic address: itoh@ims.ac.jp † Electronic address: hokumura@ims.ac.jp