A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System

Haq, Safa; Biswas, Shuvra Prokash; Hosain, Md. Kamal; Rahman, Md. Ashib; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Jahan, Sumaya

doi:10.3390/en14020331

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The waveform's harmonic content is higher, and vice versa. The waveform has a low harmonic content [25].…”

Section: Comparative Performance Analysis Of Pulse Width Modulation (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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21 Multi-level Inverters based on Cascaded H-Bridge Converter using Nearest Level Modulation

Raja¹,

Sudha²,

Kalaivani

2022

Preprint

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In recent years, due to the increasing demand for electricity from grid users and the emergence of high-power energy-consuming industries, the energy demand from society for grids has significantly increased, which has led to an increase in the global power generation from traditional energy sources. Therefore, the penetration of renewable energy (wind power, photovoltaic power) resources into the grid has increased significantly, making the grid unstable due to fluctuations in its output. In order to overcome grid fluctuations, this research proposes 21 multi-level inverters (MLI) based on cascaded H-bridge inverters to solve the problems mentioned above in large-scale energy storage systems. This article focuses on the number of components in a variety of multi-level converters with different topologies (neutral point clamped inverter (NPC), flying capacitor inverter (FC), cascaded H-bridge multi-level converter), the control program and the complexity of the hardware circuit, the power state and the system loss are studied and compared, and the inverter with the cascaded H-bridge as the main topology is established and its characteristics are studied. This paper depicts the three different modulation techniques, namely phase-disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM), carrier phase shift pulse width modulation (CPS-SPWM), and nearest level modulation (NLM) applied to modular Multiple Stage (MMCs). It further details the implementation and analysis of each modulation technique. The performance of 5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19 and 21 level MMC with three aforementioned modulation techniques is evaluated and compared in terms of output voltage, current and harmonic distortion. The simulation is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results are presented and validated.

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“…The waveform's harmonic content is higher, and vice versa. The waveform has a low harmonic content [25].…”

Section: Comparative Performance Analysis Of Pulse Width Modulation (...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Power losses in MOSFETs and free-wheeling diodes can be calculated as the total of conduction and switching losses is given in Eqn. (25) The prototype of the multiple-stage converter is shown in Figures 4-6. The total number of sub-modules N=10, Sub-module capacitance Cc =5F.…”

Section: Switching Energies and Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

21 Multi-level Inverters based on Cascaded H-Bridge Converter using Nearest Level Modulation

Raja¹,

Sudha²,

Kalaivani

2022

Preprint

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“…However, these solutions require the use of multiple transformers. Another approach is based on the use of several submodules, in which each one consists of a two-level half-bridge DC-AC converter, which was designated the modular multilevel converter (MMC) [48][49][50][51]. However, this configuration uses an extensive number of submodules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation of Unbalanced Low-Voltage Grids Using a Photovoltaic Generation System with a Dual Four-Leg, Two-Level Inverter

et al. 2022

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In this paper, a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system is proposed with the purpose of providing support to low-voltage grids, namely through the elimination or attenuation of the grid imbalances. This compensation must consider the load types, which can be either linear or non-linear, and whether the reactive power and current harmonics generated by the non-linear loads need to be compensated in addition to the unbalanced active power. This must be well considered, since the compensation of all aspects requires oversized PV inverters. Thus, the different unbalanced compensation schemes are addressed. Several schemes for the generation of the inverter current references taking into consideration the compensation and load type are presented. For this PV generation system, a dual four-leg, two-level inverter is proposed. It provides full unbalanced compensation owing to the fourth leg of the inverter and also extends the AC voltage, which is important when this compensation is required. To control this inverter, a control scheme for the inverter that considers several compensation factors is proposed. A vector voltage modulator associated with the controller is another aspect that is addressed in the paper. This modulator considers the balance between the DC voltages of the inverters. Several compensation schemes are verified through computational tests. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed PV generation system.

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“…In addition, they shall be manipulated to extract maximum power from the panels (MPPT) [13]. Some research suggest using isolated DC-DC converters, but this approach need transformer and several more switches to make DC/AC/DC conversion [14]. Therefore, almost all photovoltaic (PV) inverters are transformerless due to cost and size concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Z-source reversing voltage multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications with inherent voltage balancing

Najafi

Rashidi

Dehghan

2022

IJPEDS

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Photovoltaic (PV) inverters have been widely used in solar energy to change the direct current (DC) voltage of PV panels to the grid alternating current (AC) voltage. They are comprised of DC-DC section for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and DC-AC part to provide required output AC voltage. This paper provides a unique configuration that integrates both sections in one part. A Z-source multilevel inverter is proposed based on Z-source networks and reversing voltage (RV) multilevel inverter. The Z-source network can be used to increase the level of the input voltages and MPPT as well. In addition, the prop used topology uses multilevel topology to accommodate more DC inputs and benefit from features of multilevel level inverters in AC output. Moreover, using Z-source network can minimize equated monthly installment (EMI) due to the lower stress on the semiconductor switches. Finally, a seven level topology is designed and simulated to show the performance of proposed topology.

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A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

21 Multi-level Inverters based on Cascaded H-Bridge Converter using Nearest Level Modulation

21 Multi-level Inverters based on Cascaded H-Bridge Converter using Nearest Level Modulation

Compensation of Unbalanced Low-Voltage Grids Using a Photovoltaic Generation System with a Dual Four-Leg, Two-Level Inverter

Z-source reversing voltage multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications with inherent voltage balancing

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