A modeling approach for low-temperature SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power systems

Hussain, Fida; Ahmad, Mahmood; Badshah, Saeed; Raza, Rizwan; Khan, M. Ajmal; Mumtaz, Saleem; Dilshad, Saad; Riaz, Raja Ali; Hussain, M. Jafar; Abbas, Ghazanfar

doi:10.1142/s0217979219500012

Cited by 12 publications

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References 40 publications

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“…The electrical energy is converted in the form of hydrogen and oxygen gas through electrolyser, later stored and utilised in a fuel cell to produce electricity. Research is underway for solar hybrid hydrogen generation and combine micro‐power systems as they offer both heat and power as output …”

Section: Significance Of Esss Used With Ressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is underway for solar hybrid hydrogen generation and combine micropower systems as they offer both heat and power as output. 204,205 T A B L E 1 0 Applications and location of some flow battery In the following section, the impact of FACTS controllers in RESs integrated grid has been demonstrated via simulations. Second-generation FACTS are considered for simulation studies with wind farms subjected to different large faults.…”

Section: Efficiency Lifetime and Energy Density Of Esss Employed mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

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Summary In the modern world, only conventional energy resources cannot fulfil the growing energy demand. Electricity is a fundamental building block of a technological revolution. Today, most of the electricity demand is met by the burning of fossil fuels but at the cost of adverse environmental impact. In order to bridge the gap between electricity demand and supply, nonconventional and eco‐friendly means of energy generation are considered. Renewable energy systems (RESs) offer an adequate solution to mitigate the challenges originated due to greenhouse gasses (GHG). However, they have an unpredictable power generation with specific site requirements. Grid integration of RESs may lead to new challenges related to power quality, reliability, power system stability, harmonics, subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs), power quality, and reactive power compensation. The integration with energy storage systems (ESSs) can reduce these complexities that arise due to the intermittent nature of RESs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of renewable energy sources has been presented. Application of ESSs in RESs and their development phase has been discussed. Role of ESSs in increasing lifetime, efficiency, and energy density of power system having RESs has been reviewed. Moreover, different techniques to solve the critical issues like low efficiency, harmonics, and inertia reduction in photovoltaic (PV) systems have been presented. Unlike most of the available review papers, this article also investigates the impact of FACTS technology in RESs‐based power system using multitype flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers. Three simulation models have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that FACTS devices help to maintain the stability of RESs integrated power system. This review paper is believed to be of potential benefit for researchers from both the industry and academia to develop better understanding of challenges and solution techniques for REs‐based power systems and future research dimensions in this area.

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Section: Significance Of Esss Used With Ressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efficiency Lifetime and Energy Density Of Esss Employed mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

et al. 2020

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“…For proper commercial availability of SOFC based power systems, it is essential to decrease the operating temperature and its cost. Therefore, researchers are focusing on lowering the operating temperature and as well as its cost through investigation of new materials …”

Section: Classification Of Esssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

et al. 2019

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Energy storage and transportation are essential keys to make sure the continuity of energy to the customer. Electric power generation is changing dramatically across the world due to the environmental effects of Greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by fossil fuels. The unpredictable daily and seasonal variations in demand for electrical energy can be tackled by introducing the energy storage systems (ESSs) and hence mitigating the extra GHG emission in the atmosphere. Energy storage techniques can be mechanical, electro‐chemical, chemical, or thermal, and so on. The most popular form of energy storage is hydraulic power plants by using pumped storage and in the form of stored fuel for thermal power plants. The classification of ESSs, their current status, flaws and present trends, are presented in this article. The present state of fossil fuel reserves, their production, consumption, and as a consequence of these the CO2 emissions are also discussed. The primary energy carriers coal, oil and gas are not evenly distributed along the globe. Long distances are involved in transporting these energy carriers and transportation and delivery of these key resources to the prime customers is always necessary. The different methods to transport the energy from the source end to demand end is also discussed in this article. The assessment of various energy storage methods on the basis of several factors and present status and development of storage and transportation of energy in Pakistan is discussed.

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“…Furthermore, they are facing the issue of increasing the cost of electricity, global warming, and climate change. Research on RE applications like solar thermal, 38 net‐zero energy buildings, 39 and climate‐friendly substances and applications like natural refrigerant, 40 and fuel cell‐based micro‐combine power systems 41 are getting considerable attention in Pakistan. There is a need for electricity utility to analyze each home appliances' electricity usage and manage its use in peak demand hours.…”

Section: Proposed Home Load Management Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of home load management system for load rationing in Pakistan

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The fast‐growing electricity demand in Pakistan and other developing countries has posed a severe challenge to electricity distribution systems. Indeed, most of the utility companies have to follow a trend of load shedding to face this difficulty. Load shedding is the “art” of managing the load demand by shedding loads in critical situations where the demand is higher than the total generation to avoid system failure. Although electricity utilities are suggesting consumers reduce the load during peak hours in their monthly bills, the consumers are not willing or aware of this. It is clear how tedious and tiresome it is to remind the customers what the peak hours are, and manually switch off/on the heavy load during peak and off‐peak hours. The estimated cost of the system is around 43$ and 28$ with and without Global System for Mobile Communications module for message notification. Moreover, the distribution feeder has a specific capacity to bear the load in peak hours after this is automatically shut down the whole feeder. In this paper, the simulation analysis of a single‐family house is performed for automatic load reduction during peak hours in Proteus software. A hardware prototype is then designed and applied so as to validate the proposed control system. The results show that the proposed scheme allows for an efficient peak shaving during peak hours. For some typical domestic and commercial consumers, the financial benefits are also calculated. It is concluded that the payback period of this device is almost 1 month if it reduces 50% of load during the 4‐hour peak time. The proposed system may be implemented as a single additional tool/span is already available energy meters and may quickly be adopted by electric utilities of developing countries to avoid the load shedding trend.

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A modeling approach for low-temperature SOFC-based micro-combined heat and power systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

Limitations, challenges, and solution approaches in grid‐connected renewable energy systems

Review of energy storage and transportation of energy

Design of home load management system for load rationing in Pakistan

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