A Missing Link: Engagements of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Fisk, Derek; Upreti, Deepak; Kung, Sam K. P.

doi:10.3390/ijms22031118

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 103 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MHC class I and II upregulation is impaired in MERS-CoV infected DCs ( 45 ). SARS-CoV, while able to infect monocyte-derived DCs ( 46 ), also hampered maturation of DCs (no significant upregulation of MHC class I, II, CD83, CD86) ( 47 ). Simultaneously, SARS-CoV induced the expression of CCR-1 and CCR-5 ( 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Dendritic Cell Homing in COVID-19

Borcherding

Teksen²,

Grosser

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The high mortality of COVID-19 is mostly attributed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), whose histopathological correlate is diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Furthermore, severe COVID-19 is often accompanied by a cytokine storm and a disrupted response of the adaptive immune system. Studies aiming to depict this dysregulation have mostly investigated the peripheral cell count as well as the functionality of immune cells. We investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on antigen-presenting cells using multiplexed immunofluorescence. Similar to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 appears to be impairing the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). DC maturation involves a switch in surface antigen expression, which enables the cells' homing to lymph nodes and the subsequent activation of T-cells. As quantitative descriptions of the local inflammatory infiltrate are still scarce, we compared the cell population of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the lungs of COVID-19 autopsy cases in different stages of DAD. We found an increased count of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in later stages. Interestingly, mDCs also showed no significant upregulation of maturation markers in DAD-specimens with high viral load. Accumulation of immature mDCs, which are unable to home to lymph nodes, ultimately results in an inadequate T-cell response.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Dendritic Cell Homing in COVID-19

Borcherding

Teksen²,

Grosser

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accordingly, these cells are highly likely to also contribute to the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. 55 , 56 , 57 As previously mentioned, ACE‐2 is an essential receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into host cells through the interaction with the spike protein. ACE‐2 expression by interstitial lung DCs suggests that these cells can be infected by SARS‐CoV‐2.…”

Section: Dendritic Cells Are Targets Of Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 94%

A bird's eye view on the role of dendritic cells in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Perspectives for immune‐based vaccines

Galati

Zanotta

Capitelli

et al. 2021

Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is a complex disorder caused by the pandemic diffusion of a novel coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2. Clinical manifestations vary from silent infection to severe pneumonia, disseminated thrombosis, multi‐organ failure, and death. COVID‐19 pathogenesis is still not fully elucidated, while increasing evidence suggests that disease phenotypes are strongly related to the virus‐induced immune system's dysregulation. Indeed, when the virus‐host cross talk is out of control, the occurrence of an aberrant systemic inflammatory reaction, named “cytokine storm,” leads to a detrimental impairment of the adaptive immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen‐presenting cells able to support innate immune and promote adaptive responses. Besides, DCs play a key role in the anti‐viral defense. The aim of this review is to focus on DC involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to better understand pathogenesis and clinical behavior of COVID‐19 and explore potential implications for immune‐based therapy strategies.

show abstract

“…DCs infected with SARS-CoV-2 suggest the possible exacerbation of immunopathology. Nonetheless, the possibility of increased recruitment, accelerated maturation, and activation of DCs could combat COVID-19 infection (107,108). AM3 upregulates C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8 (CXCL8), C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (CCMCL), CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 that are implicated in the conscription and maturation of DCs.…”

Section: Am3 Effects On Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Fernández-Lázaro

Adams

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The world is currently experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its global spread has resulted in millions of confirmed infections and deaths. While the global pandemic continues to grow, the availability of drugs to treat COVID-19 infections remains limited to supportive treatments. Moreover, the current speed of vaccination campaigns in many countries has been slow. Natural substrates with biological immunomodulatory activity, such as glucans, may represent an adjuvant therapeutic agent to treat SARS-CoV-2. AM3, a natural glycophosphopeptical, has previously been shown to effectively slow, with no side effects, the progression of infectious respiratory diseases by regulating effects on innate and adaptive immunity in experimental models. No clinical studies, however, exist on the use of AM3 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. This review aims to summarize the beneficial effects of AM3 on respiratory diseases, the inflammatory response, modulation of immune response, and attenuation of muscle. It will also discuss its potential effects as an immune system adjuvant for the treatment of COVID-19 infections and adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

show abstract

A Missing Link: Engagements of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Cited by 16 publications

References 103 publications

Impaired Dendritic Cell Homing in COVID-19

Impaired Dendritic Cell Homing in COVID-19

A bird's eye view on the role of dendritic cells in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Perspectives for immune‐based vaccines

Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About