A Minimal-flow System for Xenon Anesthesia

Luttropp, H. H.; Rydgren, G; Thomasson, R.; Werner, Olof

doi:10.1097/00000542-199111000-00023

Cited by 43 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The high cost of xenon (≈ US$10 per litre) makes the use of fully closed, low‐flow anaesthetic breathing circuits an economic necessity. With the development of these circuits the use of xenon may become a potential alternative to current methods of providing anaesthesia and sedation [13–17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of xenon as a potential cardiostable sedative: a comparison with propofol after cardiac surgery

Dingley¹,

King²,

Hughes³

et al. 2001

Anaesthesia

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SummaryXenon anaesthesia is thought to have minimal haemodynamic side-effects. It is, however, expensive and requires special delivery systems for economic use. In this randomised cross-over study, we: (i) investigated the haemodynamic profile and recovery characteristics of xenon compared with propofol sedation in postoperative cardiac surgery patients, and (ii) evaluated a fully closed breathing system to minimise xenon consumption. We demonstrated a significantly faster recovery from xenon (3 min 11 s) than propofol sedation (25 min 23 s). Relative to propofol, xenon sedation produced no change in heart rate or mean arterial pressure and there were significantly higher mean values for central venous pressure (10.6 vs. 8.9 mmHg), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (11.2 vs. 9.5 mmHg), mean pulmonary artery pressure (20.1 vs. 18.3 mmHg) and systemic vascular resistance index (2170 vs. 1896 dyn.s.cm 25 .m 22 ). The haemodynamic profile seen with propofol reflected its known vasodilator effects. This was supported by the almost identical left ventricular stroke work indexes seen with both methods of sedation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of xenon as a potential cardiostable sedative: a comparison with propofol after cardiac surgery

Dingley¹,

King²,

Hughes³

et al. 2001

Anaesthesia

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“…2 Denitrogenisation using a fresh gas flow of 4 l.min −1 in a rebreathing system with a subsequent reduction in flow to that of closed‐system anaesthesia. Nitrogen accumulation was measured at 12–16% in 2 h of anaesthesia [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation of nitrogen within such a breathing circuit can be reduced by careful denitrogenisation of patients before anaesthesia. Nevertheless, in previous studies, nitrogen concentrations of 3–16% have been reported during anaesthesia in closed systems [11, 12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Xenon expenditure and nitrogen accumulation in closed‐circuit anaesthesia

et al. 2001

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SummaryThe high price of xenon has prevented its use in routine, clinic anaesthetic practice. Xenon therefore has to be delivered by closed-circuit anaesthesia. The accumulation of nitrogen is a significant problem within the closed circuit and necessitates flushing, which in turn increases gas expenditure and costs. In previous investigations, nitrogen concentrations between 12% and 16% have been reported in closed-circuit anaesthesia. In order to avoid such nitrogen accumulation, we denitrogenised seven pigs using a non-rebreathing system and connected the animals to a system primed with a xenon/oxygen mixture. In comparison, seven pigs were anaesthetised with xenon using a standard low-flow anaesthetic procedure. Anaesthesia time was 2 h. Nitrogen concentrations in the closed system ranged from 0.08 to 7.04% and were not significantly different from those observed during low-flow anaesthesia. Closed-circuit anaesthesia reduced the xenon expenditure 10-fold compared with low-flow anaesthesia.

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“…For dogs, xenon 119% or N 2 O 188% is equal to 1.0 MAC (5). The inspired concentration of xenon or N 2 O was continuously monitored using a xenon analyzer (Anzai Medical, Tokyo, Japan) or an anesthetic/respiratory gas analyzer (Ultima, Datex-Omeda Division, Instrumentarium Corp, Helsinki, Finland), and was strictly controlled by using a computer-controlled functionally closed anesthesia system (6). After 60 min of steady state condition, in each group, HR, MAP, blood gas tensions, and Pdi were measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%