A method to obtain axenic Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae from dog feces

Barçante, J. M. P.; Barçante, Thales Augusto; Dias, Sílvia Regina Costa; Vieira, Leda Quércia; Lima, W.S.; Negrão-Corrêa, Déborah

doi:10.1007/s00436-002-0719-z

Cited by 59 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These results corroborate those of Bessa et al [7], Oliveira-Júnior et al [30], and Barçante et al [16], who observed a prepatent period varying from 28 to 108 days afterinfection. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The feces of infected dogs was collected, and L1 were recovered by the modified Baermann apparatus [16]. After 24 hours of fasting, mollusks were individually placed in polystyrene culture test plates with 24 wells of 15 mm diameter (TPP—Techno Plastic Products, Switzerland) and fed with 250 L1 on a fragment of lettuce (approximately 15 mm diameter).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Angiostrongylus vasorum: Experimental Infection and Larval Development inOmalonyx matheroni

Mozzer

Montresor

Vidigal

et al. 2011

Journal of Parasitology Research

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The susceptibility and suitability of Omalonyx matheroni as an intermediate host of Angiostrongylus vasorum and the characteristics of larval recovery and development were investigated. Mollusks were infected, and from the 3rd to the 25th day after infection, larvae were recovered from groups of 50 individuals. The first observation of L2 was on the 5th day, and the first observation of L3 was on the 10th day. From the 22nd day on, all larvae were at the L3 stadium. Larval recovery varied from 78.2% to 95.2%. We found larval development to be faster in O. matheroni than in Biomphalaria glabrata. Our findings indicate that this mollusk is highly susceptible to A. vasorum. Infective L3 were orally inoculated into a dog, and the prepatent period was 39 days. This is the first study to focus on O. matheroni as an intermediate host of A. vasorum.

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“…These results corroborate those of Bessa et al [7], Oliveira-Júnior et al [30], and Barçante et al [16], who observed a prepatent period varying from 28 to 108 days afterinfection. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiostrongylus vasorum: Experimental Infection and Larval Development inOmalonyx matheroni

Mozzer

Montresor

Vidigal

et al. 2011

Journal of Parasitology Research

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show abstract

“…Three weeks prior to inoculation, all foxes were treated with fenbendazole (50 mg/kg BW/day orally for 3 days, Panacur®). Faecal examination by a modified Baermann method [26, 27] confirmed that they were free from metastrongyloid infections prior to study start. Foxes were fed daily with 300–350 g of a commercial wet feed based on chicken, fish and plant material with energy content of 1,900 kcal/kg and they had access to water ad libitum .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of host age and inoculation dose on infection dynamics of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Webster¹,

Monrad²,

Kapel³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundInfections and clinical cases of Angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs are found increasingly across Europe, thus rendering knowledge on its infection biology more important. We used red foxes as a carnivore model to examine the effect of host age and infection dose on the establishment of adult A. vasorum in single experimental infections.MethodsFourteen juvenile and fourteen adult red foxes, free of metastrongyloid infections, were given a low (50) or high (200) dose of third-stage larvae (L3) of A. vasorum. Two groups of three foxes of each age group served as uninfected controls. Larval excretion by Baermann and blood parameters were followed for ten weeks. Worm counts were performed at necropsy by sequential perfusion, dissection and Baermann method.ResultsThe establishment rate (i.e. recovery in percentage of inoculation dose) of A. vasorum primary infections in red foxes was associated with host age and inoculation dose. In the low dose juveniles, 61% (range 52–72%) of the infection dose was recovered as worms in the pulmonary arteries and heart at necropsy while only 35% (21–50%) were recovered in the high dose. Corresponding establishment rates for adults were 39% (18–98%) and 8% (1–21%). In juveniles, a higher dose resulted in significantly higher adult worm counts, higher larval excretion and more pronounced pathophysiological changes, particularly in coagulation parameters. Earlier onset of patency was also found in the juveniles. In contrast, the larval excretion in high dose adults was very low and two infected animals never reached patency. However, a few adults showed only limited resistance as judged by excretion of larvae. The increase to very high larval excretion levels (> 4,000 larvae per g of faeces) after several months in a single animal, indicated that any potential acquired immunity does not affect worm fecundity.ConclusionsResistance to a primary A. vasorum infection was generally higher in older animals, and this age resistance was reflected in lower worm counts and reduced excretion of larvae. The juvenile red foxes were fully susceptible, as reflected in high establishment rates. Although severe clinical disease was never observed in the foxes, A. vasorum infections in red foxes appear to be chronic and moreover, to resemble infections in dogs. The results underline the red fox as a suitable model as well as natural reservoir for the parasite.

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“…A total of five Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were infected by intragastric injection of 50-80 L 3 . Thirty-five days post-infection, fresh faeces (i.e., not older than 12 h) were collected from infected rats and the L 1 larvae were isolated by the Baermann technique [5]. Eggs of P. canaliculata were cultured in the laboratory to make certain that developing snails remained uninfected throughout the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: rapid detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Pomacea canaliculata

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAngiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. The most common source of infection with A. cantonensis is the consumption of raw or undercooked mollusks (e.g., snails and slugs) harbouring infectious third-stage larvae (L3). However, the parasite is difficult to identify in snails. The purpose of this study was to develop a quick, simple molecular method to survey for A. cantonensis in intermediate host snails.FindingsWe used a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, which was performed using Bst DNA polymerase. Reactions amplified the A. cantonensis 18S rRNA gene and demonstrated high sensitivity; as little as 1 fg of DNA was detected in the samples. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was found with other parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, Schistosoma japonicum, Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus westermani and Anisakis. Pomacea canaliculata snails were exposed to A. cantonensis first-stage larvae (L1) in the laboratory, and L3 were observed in the snails thirty-five days after infection. All nine samples were positive as determined by the LAMP assay for A. cantonensis, which was identified as positive by using PCR and microscopy, this demonstrates that LAMP is sensitive and effective for diagnosis.ConclusionsLAMP is an appropriate diagnostic method for the routine identification of A. cantonensis within its intermediate host snail P. canaliculata because of its simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity. It holds great promise as a useful monitoring tool for A. cantonensis in endemic regions.

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A method to obtain axenic Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae from dog feces

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Angiostrongylus vasorum: Experimental Infection and Larval Development inOmalonyx matheroni

Angiostrongylus vasorum: Experimental Infection and Larval Development inOmalonyx matheroni

The effect of host age and inoculation dose on infection dynamics of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification: rapid detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Pomacea canaliculata

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