A method to improve the efficiency of an electric aircraft propulsion system

Ma, Shaohua; Wang, Shuli; Zhang, Chengning; Zhang, Shuo

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.095

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A nonmonotonic behavior of the mass absorption with the voltage level was reported as well by Wang et al in an experimental work and by Puc et al in a theoretical‐experimental work. In a similar fashion, Zhang et al experimentally found an optimum value of field strength at which the electroporation efficiency, as measured by transformants/μg of DNA, is the largest.…”

Section: Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Simulation of the influence of voltage level and pulse spacing on the efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity of the electroporation process in tissues using meshless techniques

Salazar

Arcila

Villa

2020

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Electroporation is a widely used method consisting of application of high‐voltage, short‐duration electric pulses to increase cell membrane permeability, allowing cellular internalization of medications. In this work, the influence of two primary parameters, voltage level (V) and pulse spacing (N), on electroporation efficiency, uniformity and aggressiveness, as quantified by the total mass transport to viable cells, intracellular concentration gradients and an aggressiveness factor introduced here, is studied by means of numerical simulations of drug transport in electroporated tissues. The global method of approximate particular solutions (Global MAPS) is used to solve the governing equations, together with domain scaling, singular value decomposition and smoothing algorithms, to address the ill‐conditioning of the final system and suppress small scale oscillations. The accuracy of Global MAPS is evaluated by comparing the initial extracellular concentration, Ce, and final intracellular concentration, Ci, with previous finite volume method results, obtaining similar behavior of Ce and Ci along the tissue domain, with some differences for Ci in high‐gradient zones. According to the Global MAPS results, the influence of V and N on Ci is only significant over a certain range, within which the largest drug transport to viable cells occurs. In general, both electroporation efficiency and aggressiveness change in nonuniform manner with V and decrease with N, whereas the electroporation uniformity decreases as V increases and N decreases. The contour plots obtained here can be considered useful tools to compare electroporation‐based treatments in terms of their efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity, assisting in the selection of a suitable treatment plan for cancer.

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Section: Results Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Simulation of the influence of voltage level and pulse spacing on the efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity of the electroporation process in tissues using meshless techniques

Salazar

Arcila

Villa

2020

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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“…Email: drabhinav@ieee.org Ashish Agrawal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle, India. Email: drashishagrawal@mits.ac.in novel electric aircraft systems where electrical power can be used in take-off, climbing and landing of the aircraft as it only contributes to 25% of the total power consumption [6]. For this to achieve, various battery operated systems have been evolved during past few years such as Lead acid, Nickel metal hydride batteries and Lithium ion batteries.…”

Section: Revised Manuscript Received On December 02 2019 * Corresponmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Substrate Layer Thickness on the AC Losses in Stacked Superconducting Pancake Coils using Direct H-formulations

Kumar¹,

Agrawal²

2019

IJEAT

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Advanced electric aircrafts are in their design phase and superconducting machines are going to be the part of such fascinating technology. In order to diminish the losses involved due to conventional copper conductors, superconductors are proposed for the electric aircraft applications by the American research agencies like NASA and AFRL. Usually, Pancake coils are frequently used in various electric aircraft power applications including high speed motors, generators, transformers and solenoid magnets. Coils are generally bound with high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes like BSCCO and YBCO. Mostly, 2nd generation coated conductors (YBCO) are employed in power applications due to their merits over BSCCO (1st generation tapes). A superconducting tape manufactured by SuperPower through iBAD manufacturing technique generally consist copper stabilizer, silver over-layer, YBCO layer, buffer layer, substrate material followed by copper stabilizer. The volume fraction of the substrate material and copper stabilizer is more than 90% in the proposed tape. In the present work, the thickness of the substrate material has been varied to evaluate the AC losses involved in the above mentioned applications due to time-varying magnetic fields. A current of 270 A (Ic=330 A) is flowing through a coil of 108 turns. AC loss has been evaluated for various thicknesses 30 µm to 90 µm at a frequency of 50 Hz. The simulations are done using COMSOL MultiPhysics® commercial software package.

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“…Automatic piloting and landing systems, GPS navigation systems and approach systems for the selected ice rink with the possibility of vertical take-off and landing area are being developed. There are also new electric [8,9] and hybrid drive systems [10,11] with electronic systems that increase engine efficiency. They also increase consumption of electric energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench Tests for Exhaust Gas Temperature Distribution in an Aircraft Piston Engine with and without a Turbocharger

Czarnigowski¹,

Skiba²,

Rękas³

et al. 2021

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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In ultralight aviation, a very important engine parameter is the power-to-weight ratio. On the one hand, there is a tendency to minimize the size and weight of engines, and on the other hand, there is a demand to achieve the highest possible power by using supercharging systems. Increasing power brings many benefits, but it also increases temperature in the exhaust system, posing a threat to delicate parts of the ultralight aircraft fuselage. Therefore, it is necessary to control temperature values in the engine exhaust system. This article presents the temperature distribution in the exhaust system of an aircraft engine by the example of a four-cylinder Rotax 912 engine with an electronic fuel injection system. The research was conducted in two stages: measurements were made first for the engine without a turbocharger with an original exhaust system and later for its modified version with an added turbocharger system. The paper presents a comparative analysis of exhaust gas temperatures measured at three points: 30, 180 and 1000 mm from the cylinder head. The tests were conducted for the same preset engine operating conditions at constant speed and manifold air pressure. It has been shown that the exhaust temperature in the exhaust manifold decreases with the distance from the cylinder head. The highest gradient, over three times higher than the gas temperature from 589.9 °C to 192.3 °C, occurred in the manifold with a turbocharger for 2603 RPM and 31 kPa of manifold air pressure. The introduction of turbocharging causes an increase in exhaust gas temperatures before the turbocharger by an average of 12%, with this increase being greater for operating points of higher inlet manifold pressure. Turbocharging also causes a significant decrease in exhaust gas temperatures behind the turbocharger and the silencer because the temperature drops there by an average of 25%.

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A method to improve the efficiency of an electric aircraft propulsion system

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Simulation of the influence of voltage level and pulse spacing on the efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity of the electroporation process in tissues using meshless techniques

Simulation of the influence of voltage level and pulse spacing on the efficiency, aggressiveness and uniformity of the electroporation process in tissues using meshless techniques

Effect of Substrate Layer Thickness on the AC Losses in Stacked Superconducting Pancake Coils using Direct H-formulations

Bench Tests for Exhaust Gas Temperature Distribution in an Aircraft Piston Engine with and without a Turbocharger

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