A method for the design and fabrication of heterogeneous objects

Shin, Ki Hoon; Natu, Harshad; Dutta, Debasish; Mazumder, J.

doi:10.1016/s0261-3069(03)00060-8

Cited by 114 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A heterogeneous solid model contains multiple materials within the part but the sections containing the different materials can be looked at as distinct areas with abrupt boundaries. A functional graded model contains a gradient between materials where the boundaries are not so trivial [23].…”

Section: Challenge 6: Multi-materials Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten challenges in 3D printing

Oropallo

Piegl

2015

Engineering with Computers

314

170

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predominantly in two ways: (1) material is removed from a stock, or (2) material is added to a part in progress that started out as a non-existent entity, e.g., an empty moving table or a box of powder with no part being solidified, depending on the type of manufacturing process being deployed. 3D printing is a technology that adds material to produce the part, and hence, it is also called additive manufacturing. Our notion of printing involves transferring ink to paper, line-by-line until the document is completed. Generalizing this process to 3D would involve transferring material to 3D space layer-by-layer till the object is completed. Since most of the 3D printers manufacture objects layer-by-layer, the term 3D printing struck.Since our 2D printers have become such common, and by-and-large, fairly reliable machines, this may create the impression that going from 2D to 3D is a straightforward task. The third dimension has always posed a challenge to mankind (according to surveys we performed, a significant percentage of people are 3D blind), so much so that we believe that 3D printing will be no exception. The ten challenges below illustrate the rocky road ahead and show that this technology may not be as disruptive, at least in the short term, as the media wants the public to believe. The list is by no means exhaustive and it represents our understanding of and opinion about the technology. We selected what we believed to be the most relevant papers for this review. Challenge 1: shape optimizationOptimization of the design space is made possible with additive manufacturing since the process has the ability to fill the interior part of the object in practically infinite ways. The design space is any area of the model that can be Abstract Three dimensional printing has gained considerable interest lately due to the proliferation of inexpensive devices as well as open source software that drive those devices. Public interest is often followed by media coverage that tends to sensationalize technology. Based on popular articles, the public may create the impression that 3D printing is the Holy Grail; we are going to print everything as one piece, traditional manufacturing is at the brink of collapse, and exotic applications, such as cloning a human body by 3D bio-printing, are just around the corner. The purpose of this paper is to paint a more realistic picture by identifying ten challenges that clearly illustrate the limitations of this technology, which makes it just as vulnerable as anything else that had been touted before as the next game changer.

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Section: Challenge 6: Multi-materials Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten challenges in 3D printing

Oropallo

Piegl

2015

Engineering with Computers

314

170

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show abstract

“…Deposition), (1) 스탠포드 대학의 SDM (Shape Deposition Manufacturing), (2) MIT 대학의 3DP (3-Dimensional Printing) (3) 그리고 국내 기업인 인스텍 사의 DMT(Laser-aided Direct Metal Tooling) (4) 등의 금속 분말기반 적층조형 방법의 개발로 열전도성 금형 혹은 형상적응형 냉각회로 (conformal cooling channel) (5,6) 를 구비한 금형의 제작이 가능하게 되 었다.…”

Section: 서 론 최근에 와서 미시간 대학의 Dmd(direct Metalunclassified

Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials Between P21 Tool Steel and Cu by Using Laser-Aided Layered Manufacturing

Jeong¹,

Shin²

2013

Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A

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With the development of layered manufacturing, thermally conductive molds or molds embedding conformal cooling channels can be directly fabricated. Although P21 tool steel is widely used as a mold material because of its dimensional stability, it is not efficient for cooling molds owing to its low thermal conductivity. Hence, the use of functionally graded materials (FGMs) between P21 and Cu may circumvent a tradeoff between the strength and the heat transfer rate. As a preliminary study for the layered manufacturing of thermally conductive molds having FGM structures, one-dimensional P21-Cu FGMs were fabricated by using laser-aided direct metal tooling (DMT), and then, material properties such as the thermal conductivity and specific heat that are related to the heat transfer were measured and analyzed.

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“…However, effective production processes for the graded materials are still not at the desired levels [5]. At this point, multi-layered structures with high number of layers are considered as graded [6]. However, an analysis is necessary to observe whether deformation behavior of the multi-layered structures with high number of layers is similar to that of graded one [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between multi‐layered and functionally graded spherical pressure vessels

Arslan

2013

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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Two analytical models are developed for elastic multi-layered and functionally graded thick walled spherical pressure vessels subjected to uniform internal pressure. Simple and comprehensive recursive algorithms are proposed for the multi-layered vessel. In the model for functionally graded one, the modulus of elasticity is assumed to vary in radial direction according to a power law. Stress distributions of those vessels are compared and the results are presented in graphical form.

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A method for the design and fabrication of heterogeneous objects

Cited by 114 publications

References 11 publications

Ten challenges in 3D printing

Ten challenges in 3D printing

Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials Between P21 Tool Steel and Cu by Using Laser-Aided Layered Manufacturing

A comparison between multi‐layered and functionally graded spherical pressure vessels

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