A Method for Performability Study on Wide Area Communication Architectures for Smart Grid

Abstract

An extensive use of ICT is a key feature in the development of next generation smart grids. The ability of the ICT system to meet the real time requirements of the powers system, even when it is degraded due to failures, is essential. This simultaneous study of dependability (reliability) and performance are referred to as performability.This paper presents a method for a performability study on ICT support system of smart grid. It looks into how performance associated properties (timing failures) can be modelled together with properties affecting dependability such as omission or conventional component failures. A two tier model using ns-3 and SAN is developed to study the peformability of an IEC 61850 based communication infrastructure for a protection application. For illustration, a simulation is conducted to study the reliability and unavailability of an IEC 61850 based communication architecture, where the impact of both timing failures and omission failures are investigated and compared. The result revealed that the availability and reliability is highly dependent on the requirements for the protection application, maximum delay per packet and maximum number of consecutive delayed packets the protection application can tolerate. It also shows that timing failures have a higher impact than omission failures for a protection application with shorter time requirement.

Improving Reliability of Protection Communication in a 5G Slice

“…In [26][27][28][29], co-simulations of power systems and communication networks are conducted for capacitor bank, on-load tap changer (OLTC), and distributed generation control over WiMAX and LTE [26], for demand response control via Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) [27], and voltage control via LTE [28] and ZigBee [29]. In [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], co-simulation has been used to study various communication technologies such as CR [30], wireless local area network (WLAN) [31], customer 916.5 MHz channel [32], WiMAX [33,36], wired [34,35], and LTE [36] for protection applications, which include overcurrent protection [30,34], fault detection [31], differential protection [32,33,35], adaptive protection [33], and disconnection of generation protection [36]. In [37][38][39], protection communication based on IEC 61850 Sampled Values (SV) and GOOSE over 5G has been studied with co-simulation.…”

“…In [3, 26-39, 47, 48, 52, 53], commercial communication networks are not used, while in this paper commercial 5G network with a business subscription is employed. In [3,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50], 5G technology is not considered, but other wireless and wired technologies, including NB-IoT [27,41,42], LTE [26,28,36,45,46], ZigBee [29,44], CR [30], WLAN [31,43], customer 916.5 MHz channel [32], WiMAX [26,33,36], wired [3,34,35,48], LoRa [47], and WiFi [49,50]. In [26-29, 41-43, 47, 52, 53], protection applications are not used; instead, the application...…”

“…The setup is shown in Figure 3. Similar CHIL experimental setups have been explored previously in combination with, for instance, Omnet [63], Click Modular router [3,48], and NS3 simulator [28,34]. However, many previous experimental setups have been implemented with simulated communication networks, which cannot capture the intricacies of commercial communication networks.…”

Effect of Communication Failures on State Estimation of 5G-Enabled Smart Grid

“…For a complete list of 5G architecture model, see Subsection III-D. All these atomic models are merged with the Join feature of the Möbius tool. For the sake of brevity, the authors refer the reader to [50], [51] as example of application of SAN atomic models for ICT system modeling in different distribution systems. All the transitions (i.e., Failure events, repair events, rain occurrence, etc.)…”

Analysis of the IEC 61850 protocol when used for communication during maintenance operation in an electrical substation grid

“…Sample values are set to 15 frames/sec [20]. Controls/GOOSE packets are set to 204 bytes, indication/GSSE packets are set to 144 bytes, Alarm/MMS packets are set to 144 bytes, time sync packets set to 219 bytes Analogues/SV packets are set to 219 bytes [14,21].…”