A method based on light scattering to estimate the concentration of virus particles without the need for virus particle standards

The degradation of drugs within endolysosomes has been widely addressed as a cause of poor bioavailability. One of the strategies to allow molecules to escape from a destructive fate is to introduce a photosensitizing moiety into a drug carrier enabling the permeabilization of endosomes and endolysosomes upon irradiation. This paper presents an alternative delivery nanosystem composed of cost-effective soybean phosphatides mixed with IR-820, a near-infrared (NIR) sensitizer, to load various active compounds and trigger an endolysosomal escape with a low cytotoxic effect. Methods: IR-820-incorporated phosphatides-based nanoparticles were formulated using a thinfilm hydration method to encapsulate different molecular probes and a drug model. The nanoparticles were characterized in vitro using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, as well as ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The NIR-corresponding generation of the photochemical products, the content release, and the cytotoxicity toward the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line were evaluated. The cellular internalization and endolysosomal escape were monitored using a cytochemical marker and fluorescent probes with a colocalization analysis. Results: The IR-820-combined nanoparticles revealed the NIR-triggered changes in the singlet oxygen presence, nanoparticle architecture, and release rate without being cytotoxic. Additionally, the nanoplatform appeared to enhance cellular uptake of the macromolecules. The localization of the cytochemical marker and the colocalization analysis on the fluorescence signals of the encapsulated fluorophore and the lysosome-labeling reporter implied the transient endolysosomal escape of the cargo within the HaCaT cells after NIR irradiation. Conclusion: The inclusion of IR-820 into a soybean-phosphatides base ingredient provides NIR responsiveness, particularly the endolysosomal escape of the payload, to the formulated nanoparticles, while preserving the beneficial properties as a drug carrier. This alternative delivery nanomedicine system has future potential to provide high bioavailability of cytosolic drugs utilizing time-and spatial-controllable NIR triggerability as well as the synergistic therapeutic effects with NIR-biomodulation.

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“…The reflective indices of the lipid nanoparticles and PBS were entered into the Zetasizer software at 1.450 26,27 and 1.332, 28 respectively.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Inclusion of IR-820 into Soybean-Phosphatides-Based Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared-Triggered Release and Endolysosomal Escape in HaCaT Keratinocytes at Insignificant Cytotoxic Level</p>

Homsirikamol

Suvanasuthi

Viravaidya-Pasuwat

2020

IJN

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“…For the calculation of sizes of NGs in very dilute solutions the refractive index of pure water at 25 C (1.330) and the viscosity of water of 0.8872 cP were applied. 34 For the examination of zeta potentials (z), a U-folded-capillary DLS cell with two gold electrodes was applied. The zeta potentials (z) were calculated from the electrophoretic mobility using the Smoluchowski approximation.…”

Section: Instrumental Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable conformational changes of DNA nanogel shells containing disulfide–DNA hybrids for controlled drug release and efficient anticancer action

Liwinska

Stanisławska²,

Łyp³

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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“…The envelope is not targeted, as it has hardly any particular features to enable selective recognition. Virus-particle quantification is difficult, due to the lack of proper standards; this problem was recently alleviated by emerging particle-characterization methods that can provide virion concentrations in a calibration-free manner by using the resistive pulse technique [14,15] or optical methods [16]. These methods have been used to quantify poliovirus, which is one of the smallest viruses (~26 nm diameter).…”

Section: Requirements For Viral Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micromechanical sensing by using resonating cantilevers was applied for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with a sensitivity of 100 pg/mL [16,49]. This method exploited immobilized aptamers on the top surface of the cantilever and their steric crowding upon binding to their bulkier targets.…”

Section: Mass-sensitive Aptasensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptasensors for viral diagnostics

Kieboom

Beek

Mészáros

et al. 2015

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Novel viral diagnostic tools need to be affordable, fast, accurate and easy to use with sensitivity and specificity equivalent or superior to current standards. At present, viral diagnostics are based on direct detection of viral components or indirect detection by measuring antibodies generated in response to viral infection. While sensitivity of detection and quantification are still important challenges, we expect major advances from new assay formats and synthetic binding molecules, such as aptamers. Compared to traditional antibody-based detection, aptamers could provide faster adaptation to continuously evolving virus strains and higher discriminating capacity between specific virus serotypes. Aptamers are very stable and easily modifiable, so are ideal molecules for detection and chemical sensing applications. Here, we review the use of aptasensors for detection of viral pathogens and consider the feasibility of aptasensors to become standard devices for point-of-care diagnostics of viruses.

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A method based on light scattering to estimate the concentration of virus particles without the need for virus particle standards

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

<p>Inclusion of IR-820 into Soybean-Phosphatides-Based Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared-Triggered Release and Endolysosomal Escape in HaCaT Keratinocytes at Insignificant Cytotoxic Level</p>

<p>Inclusion of IR-820 into Soybean-Phosphatides-Based Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared-Triggered Release and Endolysosomal Escape in HaCaT Keratinocytes at Insignificant Cytotoxic Level</p>

Switchable conformational changes of DNA nanogel shells containing disulfide–DNA hybrids for controlled drug release and efficient anticancer action

Aptasensors for viral diagnostics

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