A Metallographic Review of 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing of Metal and Alloy Products and Components

Murr, L. E.

doi:10.1007/s13632-018-0433-6

Cited by 95 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Over the past few decades, varieties of 3DP techniques have been thoroughly studied [ 8 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. It is generally believed that 3DP techniques can be classified into main two categories with laser and electron beam input systems [ 92 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review

et al. 2020

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The propose of this review was to summarize the advances in multi-scale surface technology of titanium implants to accelerate the osseointegration process. The several multi-scaled methods used for improving wettability, roughness, and bioactivity of implant surfaces are reviewed. In addition, macro-scale methods (e.g., 3D printing (3DP) and laser surface texturing (LST)), micro-scale (e.g., grit-blasting, acid-etching, and Sand-blasted, Large-grit, and Acid-etching (SLA)) and nano-scale methods (e.g., plasma-spraying and anodization) are also discussed, and these surfaces are known to have favorable properties in clinical applications. Functionalized coatings with organic and non-organic loadings suggest good prospects for the future of modern biotechnology. Nevertheless, because of high cost and low clinical validation, these partial coatings have not been commercially available so far. A large number of in vitro and in vivo investigations are necessary in order to obtain in-depth exploration about the efficiency of functional implant surfaces. The prospective titanium implants should possess the optimum chemistry, bionic characteristics, and standardized modern topographies to achieve rapid osseointegration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…As indicated in the preceding section, the AM process enables the production of unique and microstructurally complex systems. 19,36,70 FIGURE 2. Schematic diagram summarizing the potential impact of AM processing on the overall microstructure of the produced components.…”

Section: Effect Of Microstructure On Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This behavior is often associated with the commonly observed columnar shaped grains on the mentioned planes. 9,19,21,70 Therefore, the AM build direction could play a decisive role to control grain growth and consequently reduce the anisotropic corrosion behavior. Also, the distribution, shape, and morphology of constituent phases in the AM Ti alloys, especially α′ martensite, was found to influence corrosion characteristics.…”

Section: Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review

et al. 2018

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Additive manufacturing (AM), often termed 3D printing, has recently emerged as a mainstream means of producing metallic components from a variety of metallic alloys. The numerous benefits of AM include net shape manufacturing, efficient use of material, suitability to low volume production runs, and the ability to explore alloy compositions not previously accessible to conventional casting. The process of AM, which is nominally performed using laser (or electron) based local melting, has a definitive role in the resultant alloy microstructure. Herein, the corrosion of alloys prepared by AM using laser and electronbased methods, relating the corrosion performance to the microstructural features influenced by AM processing, are reviewed. Such features include unique porosity, grain structures, dislocation networks, residual stress, solute segregation, and surface roughness. Correlations between reported results and deficiencies in present understanding are highlighted.

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“…Of course, there are elements of truth and exaggerations with these ideas. Although there are now many examples of metal AM end-use products in high-cost, high-value industries like aerospace [1], polymer end-use parts are less prominent. Polymer AM examples are more often related to prototyping or tool-making; however, the correct combination of material, process, and product can lead to more successful applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2018

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Abstract:As the applications for additive manufacturing have continued to grow, so too has the range of available materials, with more functional or better performing materials constantly under development. This work characterizes a copper-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) thermoplastic composite designed to enhance the thermal conductivity of fused filament fabrication (FFF) parts, especially for heat transfer applications. The composite was mixed and extruded into filament using twin screw extrusion. Because the fiber orientation within the material governs the thermal conductivity of the material, the orientation was measured in the filament, through the nozzle, and in printed parts using micro-computed tomography. The thermal conductivity of the material was measured and achieved 4.95, 2.38, and 0.75 W/(m·K) at 70 • C in the inflow, crossflow, and thickness directions, respectively. The implications of this anisotropy are discussed using the example of an airto-water crossflow heat exchanger. The lower conductivity in the crossflow direction reduces thermal performance due to the orientation in thin-walled parts.

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A Metallographic Review of 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing of Metal and Alloy Products and Components

Cited by 95 publications

References 109 publications

Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review

Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review

Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Alloys: A Review

Process-Induced Fiber Orientation in Fused Filament Fabrication

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