A Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Approach for Stroke Associated with Drugs of Abuse

Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Docea, Anca Oana; Calina, Daniela; Tsarouhas, Konstantinos; Zamfira, Laura-Maria; Mitruț, Radu; Sharifi‐Rad, Javad; Kovatsi, Leda; Siokas, Vasileios; Dardiotis, Efthimios; Drakoulis, Nikolaos; Lazopoulos, George; Tsitsimpikou, Christina; Mitsias, Panayiotis; Neagu, Monica

doi:10.3390/jcm8091295

Cited by 94 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Arterial hypertension and endothelial growth factor-linked polymorphisms are reported to contribute to vascular damage [33,34]. Nicoll et al studied 15,769 patients on the relationships between conventional CV risk factors (age, gender, ethnicity, DM, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, exercise) and coronary artery calcification, and found that hypertension and diabetes have the strongest association with coronary artery calcification [35].…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds

Sharifi‐Rad

Rodrigues

Sharopov

et al. 2020

IJERPH

156

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Heart and blood vessels disorders comprise one of the main causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologically active natural compounds have been used as a complementary therapy in cardiovascular disease around the world in a traditional way. Dietary, natural bioactive compounds, as well as healthy lifestyles, are considered to prevent coronary artery diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical studies reported that consumption of plant-food bioactive derivatives including polyphenolic compounds, peptides, oligosaccharides, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids possess protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the cardiovascular risk factors, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials related to cardioprotective properties of the plant-food-derived bioactive compounds. Molecular mechanisms by the natural bioactive compounds exert their cardiovascular protective properties have also been highlighted.

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Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds

Sharifi‐Rad

Rodrigues

Sharopov

et al. 2020

IJERPH

156

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“…1 ®Charles River. 2 ®Envigo Teklad, Inc. 3 Diplomat, American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (DACVO).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C. sativa L. plant originates from Central Asia and has recently seen an increase in interest likely because of its many applications due to the large phytochemical content as well as being a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers [1]. Two preparations of marijuana for recreational use are hashish (resinous) and marijuana (leaves and flowers) [2]. Synthetic cannabinoids are emerging as psychoactive substances and have recreational use [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic cannabinoids are emerging as psychoactive substances and have recreational use [3]. Recreational use of marijuana, hashish synthetic cannabinoids are associated with ischemic and other types of strokes [2]. The cannabinoids, which are oxygen containing aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, are one of the most researched groups of all the phytochemicals in C. sativa L. and include at least 70 compounds, of which delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are some of the most well-known [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinicopathology parameters and tissues collected for histopathology. Relative organ weight determined on 90-day study 2. Combined weight 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Assessment of a Hemp Extract using Genotoxicity and Oral Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Dziwenka¹,

Coppock²,

Alexander³

et al. 2020

Toxicology Reports

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Keywords:Cannabis sativa cannabinoids cannabidiol CBD toxicology olive oil hemp extract CYP liver mutagenicity CW hemp Charlotte's Web, Inc. A B S T R A C TCannabinoids are extracted from Cannabis sativa L. and are used for a variety of medicinal purposes. Recently, there has been a focus on the cannabinoid Cannabidiol (CBD) and its potential benefits. This study investigated the safety of a proprietary extract of C. sativa, consisting of 9% hemp extract (of which 6.27% is CBD) and 91% olive oil. The mutagenic potential of the hemp extract was evaluated with the AMES assay inclusive of a hepatic drug metabolizing mix (S9) rich in CYP enzymes. The test article did not elicit evidence of bacterial mutagenicity. GLP compliant 14-day and a 90-day toxicity study were conducted. Olive oil was used as a control. The 90-day study had a 28-day recovery period. Treatments for the 14-day non-recovery range-finding study were 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg test article/kg body weight (bw)/day for 14 days. There was a non-statistically significant (p > 0.05) decrease in body weights for the male and female rats receiving the test article. Hypoactivity, hyperactivity, reduced food consumption and piloerection were observed in the rats receiving 4000 mg test article/kg bw. Histopathology showed an increase in the size of liver cells (hypertrophy) around the central vein (centrilobular) in Groups 3 (3/10) and 4 (5/10) that correlated with increased liver weights. In the 90-day study, 8 groups of rats were dosed with 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg test article/kg bw/day. Groups 5 to 8 had a 28-day recovery. There were no test article-linked changes in clinical observations, physical examinations, Functional Observation Battery, ophthalmology, Motor Activity Assessment, hematology, clinical chemistries and macropathology (all groups). With the exception of the liver and adrenal gland, no test article-linked pathology was observed. For all rats receiving the test article, histopathology showed hypertrophy of liver cells around the central vein. The increase of liver weight is most likely caused by hypertrophy due to up-regulation of the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. The hepatocellular hypertrophy was completely reversed in 28 days and was not considered to be an adverse effect. Vacuolization of the adrenal zona fasciculata was observed in the control and 800 mg test article/kg bw groups. The vacuolization of the zona fasciculata was of the same incidence and severity in treatment and control male rats and correlated with an increased in the weights of the adrenal glands. In addition, a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in adrenal-to-body weight ratios was observed for females receiving 800 mg test article/kg bw. This increase in adrenal-to-body weight ratio did not correlate with any of the pathology findings. The NOAEL for the test article is 800 mg/kg bw/day for female and 400 mg/kg bw/day for male Sprague Dawley rats.

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Assessment of hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacy, and antioxidative potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and ethanolic extract against PCOS‐induced female albino mice (Mus Musculus)

Khalid,

Arshad,

Raza

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant that has anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, tissue‐protective, and antioxidant activities. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of M. oleifera leaf powder (MoLP) and 70% ethanol M. oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) on mitigating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)‐induced liver and kidney dysfunction via regulating oxidative stress in female albino mice (Mus musculus). The efficacy of M. oleifera was compared with metformin (standard medicine used to treat infertility in women). PCOS was induced by intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate at 1.0 mg/100 g BW for 35 days. PCOS‐induced mice were treated with MoLP (250 and 500 mg/Kg), MoLE (250 and 500 mg/kg), and metformin (250 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Renal function test (RFT), liver function test (LFT), and oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified in serum at 0, 7, and 14 days of intervention. Mice treated with M. oleifera and metformin showed a significant decrease (p < .001) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and a significant increase (p < .001) in total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Oxidative stress decreased significantly (p = .00) with respect to treatments, exposure days, and their interaction in metformin and all M. oleifera‐treated groups. M. oleifera leaf powder and extract reduce oxidative stress and enhance nephron‐hepatic activity in PCOS‐induced female albino mice.

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A Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Approach for Stroke Associated with Drugs of Abuse

Cited by 94 publications

References 157 publications

Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds

Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds

Safety Assessment of a Hemp Extract using Genotoxicity and Oral Repeat-Dose Toxicity Studies in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Assessment of hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacy, and antioxidative potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and ethanolic extract against PCOS‐induced female albino mice (Mus Musculus)

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