A Mechanism of Red Tide Formation. I. Growth Rate Estimate by DCMU-Induced Flourescence Increase

Fukazawa, Naoto; Ishimaru, T.; Takahashi, Masanori; Fujita, Yasuji

doi:10.3354/meps003217

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…in natural waters and reported a growth rate of 1.3 5 div d-l, estimated from observations of daily changes in cell density near the surface water at a station at Hakozaki fishing port, Hakata Bay, Japan. Fukazawa et al (1980) estimated the growth rate of 0. Zuteus at Tanigawa Harbor, Osaka Bay, Japan, by counting cells collected at sunrise and noon from four different depths to be 6.25 div d-l; however, this value is debatable, because the table in their paper showing the changes in the number of cells does not fully confirm it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth dynamics of Olisthodiscus luteus in outdoor tanks with flowing coastal water and in small vessels

Honjo

Tabata²

1985

Limnology & Oceanography

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Growth rates and periodicity of division of Olisthodiscus Zuteus were studied in outdoor tanks provided with a continuous flow of coastal water carrying a low density of wild plankters including 0. luteus, during summer in 198 1-1983. Cells collected from the tanks were individually cultured in small tissue culture chambers in the laboratory to observe growth rates and periodicity of division. A portion of an 0. Zuteus patch on the wall of the tank was also cultured in a l,OOO-ml volumetric flask hung in the tank. High growth rates, 2.0-5.0 div d-l, were observed in the tank. There was a strong tendency for large cells to dominate in the tank at the beginning of their fast growth phases and to be replaced by small cells toward the end of these growth phases. In small chambers 0. luteus attained a growth rate of 3.3 div d-l; growth rates of large cells inoculated into these chambers were much higher than those of small cells. Growth rate in the flask was 2.3 div d-l. Olisthodiscus Zuteus showed a great preference for dark-associated cell division. An apparent reciprocal codominance was observed between 0. luteus and diatoms in the tank.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Honjo and Hanaoka (1973) and Tomas (1978) studied the growth rate of 0. Zuteus under laboratory conditions; Honjo et al (1978a,b) and Fukazawa et al (1980) studied its growth dynamics in natural waters. Their results, however, conflict.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth dynamics of Olisthodiscus luteus in outdoor tanks with flowing coastal water and in small vessels

Honjo

Tabata²

1985

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Toxicity is expressed in mouse unit (MU) according to Horwitz (1984) where 1 MU represents the dose to kill a 20 g male mouse within 15 min. The growth rate (µ 2 ) is estimated from cell counts during the exponential phase according to the method of Fukazawa et al (1980). Reprinted from Toxicon, 25, Ogata, Kodama and Ishimaru, Toxin production in the dinoflagellate Protogonyaulax tamarensis, 923-928, © 1987, Pergamon Journal Ltd. with permission from Elsevier.…”

Section: Change Of Toxin Productivity In Alexandrium Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An aliquot of the cells was taken to measure cell density under a microscope. The growth rate (µ 2 ) was estimated by the method of Fukazawa et al (1980). Toxin contents of the cultured cells were analyzed by HPLC according to Oshima (1995b).…”

Section: Utilization Of Organic Substances For Growth and Toxin Produmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Kodama

2010

Aqua-BioSci. Monogr. (ABSM)

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Plankton feeders such as bivalves often become toxic. Human consumption of the toxic bivalve causes severe food poisoning, including paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) which is the most dangerous because of the acuteness of the symptoms, high fatality and wide distribution throughout the world. Accumulation of PSP toxins in shellfish has posed serious problems to public health and fisheries industry. The causative organisms of PSP toxins are known to be species of dinoflagellates including those belonging to the genus Alexandrium, Gymnodinium catenatum and Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. Bivalves accumulate PSP toxins during a bloom of these dinoflagellates. Thus, the dinoflagellate toxins have been considered as being concentrated in bivalves through food web transfer. However, field studies on the toxin level of bivalves in association with the abundance of toxic dinoflagellates could not support the idea. A kinetics study on toxins by feeding experiments of cultured dinoflagellate cells to bivalves also showed similar results, indicating that toxin accumulation of bivalves is not caused by simple accumulation of toxins due to food-web transfer. Based on the discovery of toxin-producing bacterium in the cells of toxic dinoflagellates, this study suggests that PSP toxins in toxic dinoflagellates are catabolites of bacterial substance in dinoflagellate cells. On the other hand, tetrodotoxin (TTX), a puffer toxin, is reported to be produced by some species of bacteria. Thus, the origin of TTX of puffer is considered to be bacteria. However, the mechanism for puffer to possess TTX through bacteria is unknown. The present study revealed that organisms bearing either TTX or PSP toxins possess both toxins, although the proportion of both is different among the specimens. In fact, a significant level of TTX is detected in A. tamarense. In addition, TTX-like toxin-producing bacteria are found to be infected in the liver of toxic specimens of puffer. These findings strongly suggest that a similar mechanism between bacteria and toxic organisms is involved in the production of TTX and/or PSP toxins in toxic organisms.

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Variation in toxin compositions of two harmful raphidophytes, Chattonella antiqua and Chattonella marina, at different salinities

Haque

Onoue

2002

Environmental Toxicology

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Toxin compositions of the two species of raphidophytes, Chattonella antiqua (Hada) Ono and Chattonella marina (Subrahmanyan) Hara et Chihara, were investigated at different salinities under laboratory conditions. C. antiqua contained toxin components CaTx-I, CaTx-II, CaTx-III, and CaTx-IV, which corresponded to brevetoxin components PbTx-1, PbTx-2, PbTx-3, and oxidized PbTx-2. Similarly, C. marina included CmTx-I, CmTx-II, CmTx-III, and CmTx-IV corresponding to PbTx-2, PbTx-9, PbTx-3, and oxidized PbTx-2. Toxin yields in both species varied markedly with a change in salinity concentration. In C. antiqua CaTx-I, CaTx-II, and CaTx-III peaked at 25 P.P.t. with yields of 0.99, 0.42, and 2.90 pg/cell, but the highest yield (2.35 pg/cell) of CaTx-IV was attained at 30 P.P.t. The yields of all CaTx components decreased sharply at salinities exceeding 30 P.P.t. On the other hand, C. marina yielded higher proportions of CmTx-I (0.55 pg/cell) and CmTx-III (2.50 pg/cell) at 25 P.P.t. However, CmTx-IV was present in its highest amount (1.65 pg/cell) at 30 P.P.t., as seen in C. antiqua. A small amount of CmTx-II was also detected at 20 P.P.t.-35 P.P.t. Both species showed the highest ichthyotoxicities at 25 P.P.t., at which the maximum cell division rate was obtained.

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A Mechanism of Red Tide Formation. I. Growth Rate Estimate by DCMU-Induced Flourescence Increase

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Growth dynamics of Olisthodiscus luteus in outdoor tanks with flowing coastal water and in small vessels

Growth dynamics of Olisthodiscus luteus in outdoor tanks with flowing coastal water and in small vessels

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins: Biochemistry and Origin

Variation in toxin compositions of two harmful raphidophytes, Chattonella antiqua and Chattonella marina, at different salinities

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