A Mechanical Analysis of the Grab Starting Technique in Swimming

Guimarães, Antônio Carlos Stringhini; Hay, James G.

doi:10.1123/ijsb.1.1.25

Cited by 55 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Thus, when evaluating the race segments, non-swimming actions and swimming strokes should be identified to lead to an effective analysis of the performance criteria. The estimation with fixed distances could fail to predict the small differences between competitors during the start and turn segments (Guimaraes & Hay, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements

Veiga

Cala²,

Mallo

et al. 2012

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The aim of this study was to develop a new application based on the ''individual distances'' method to analyse swimming races, and to compare it with the traditional ''fixed distances'' method. One hundred and seventy-nine national level 100 m (four strokes) performances obtained from the 2008 ''Open Comunidad de Madrid'' (Spain) were analysed using a twodimensional Direct Linear Transformation (2D-DLT) video analysis system. Average velocities in all race segments (P 5 0.001) were faster using the ''individual distances'' method than when employing the ''fixed distances'' method. Specifically, start and turn times were shorter (P 5 0.001) while free swimming times were longer (P 5 0.001) when using the ''individual distances'' method. Correlations between methods were moderate to high, but several gender and stroke groups showed poor to no correlation, especially during the start and turn segments. Differences between methods were higher in some groups (female swimmers and freestyle stroke) where the start and turn distances were shorter. Measurements with the 2D-DLT technique provide distances and times employed during the race segments, which do not completely agree with times at fixed distances. Therefore, when evaluating swimming races, a combination of the individual and fixed distances methods should be used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements

Veiga

Cala²,

Mallo

et al. 2012

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…A major limitation in the research to date is the use of nonswimmers, who lack the required skill and coordination to perform the complex racing start movements and have very little dive experience (Guimaraes & Hay, 1985;Ayalon et al, 1975;Breed & McElroy, 2000;Breed & Young, 2003). For the results to apply convincingly to the elite population, there is a need to use proficient swimmers who can perform consistently (Pearson et al, 1998;Hopkins et al, 1999).…”

Section: Biomechanical Comparison Of the Trackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Comparison of the Track Start and the Modified One-Handed Track Start in Competitive Swimming: An Intervention Study

Galbraith

Scurr

Hencken

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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This study compared the conventional track and a new one-handed track start in elite age group swimmers to determine if the new technique had biomechanical implications on dive performance. Five male and seven female GB national qualifiers participated (mean ± SD: age 16.7 ± 1.9 years, stretched stature 1.76 ± 0.8 m, body mass 67.4 ± 7.9 kg) and were assigned to a control group (n = 6) or an intervention group (n = 6) that learned the new one-handed dive technique. All swimmers underwent a 4-week intervention comprising 12 ± 3 thirty-minute training sessions. Video cameras synchronized with an audible signal and timing suite captured temporal and kinematic data. A portable force plate and load cell handrail mounted to a swim starting block collected force data over 3 trials of each technique. A MANCOVA identified Block Time (BT), Flight Time (FT), Peak Horizontal Force of the lower limbs (PHF) and Horizontal Velocity at Take-off (Vx) as covariates. During the 10-m swim trial, significant differences were found in Time to 10 m (TT10m), Total Time (TT), Peak Vertical Force (PVF), Flight Distance (FD), and Horizontal Velocity at Take-off (Vx) (p < .05). Results indicated that the conventional track start method was faster over 10 m, and therefore may be seen as a superior start after a short intervention. During training, swimmers and coaches should focus on the most statistically significant dive performance variables: peak horizontal force and velocity at take-off, block and flight time.

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“…The split time at the 15-m mark is significantly associated to the start performance ). Moreover, it was reported that the start performance should rely on the optimisation of the underwater phase (i.e., gliding, dolphin kicks and water breakout) before starting the swim stroke (e.g., Guimarães & Hay, 1985). The body of knowledge on turning is also rather scarce, when comparing to the swim stroke (e.g., Pereira et al, 2015;Slawson, Conway, Jusham, Le Sage, & West, 2010;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Start and turn performances of elite sprinters at the 2016 European Championships in swimming

Morais

Marinho

Arellano

et al. 2018

Sports Biomechanics

111

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The aim of this study was to examine the performance characteristics of male and female finalists in the 100-m distance at the 2016 European Championships in swimming (long-course-metre). The performances of all 64 (32-males and 32-females) were analysed (8 swimmers per event; Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke and Butterfly). A set of start and turn parameters were analysed. In the start main outcome, male swimmers were faster in Butterfly (5.71 ± 0.14s) and females in Freestyle (6.68 ± 0.28s). In the turn main outcome, male and female swimmers were faster in Freestyle (males: 9.55 ± 0.13s; females: 10.78 ± 0.28s). A significant and strong stroke effect was noted in the start and turn main outcome, in both sexes. In the start plus the turn combined, males and females were faster in Freestyle (males: 15.40 ± 0.20s; females: 17.45 ± 0.54s). The start and the turn combined accounted almost one-third of the total race time in all events, and non-significant differences (p > 0.05) were noted across the four swim strokes. Once this research made evident the high relevance of start and turns, it is suggested that coaches and swimmers should dedicate an expressive portion of the training perfecting these actions.

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A Mechanical Analysis of the Grab Starting Technique in Swimming

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements

A new procedure for race analysis in swimming based on individual distance measurements

Biomechanical Comparison of the Track Start and the Modified One-Handed Track Start in Competitive Swimming: An Intervention Study

Start and turn performances of elite sprinters at the 2016 European Championships in swimming

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