A mathematical model of pulse plating on a rotating disk electrode

Yin, Ken‐Ming; White, Ralph E.

doi:10.1002/aic.690360204

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In accord with the previous work on the PAS [4,9], we favour an entirely implicit approach to the determination of the concentrations and electric potential, similar to that utilised in [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. In particular, the present approach is very close to that of Murphy et al [51], who used the elegant formalism and robust solution methodology of differential-algebraic equations.…”

Section: The Extended Strategysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…(9) by standard difference quotients (5) and (6) in [4]. This approach has been used by some authors, see for example [46,52,62]. However, former attempts to use such an approach in the case of nonlinear diffusion models [7] indicated difficulties with the convergence of Newton iterations in the solution of the algebraic equations resulting from such discretisations.…”

Section: Spatial Discretisation Of the Generalised Second Spatial Dermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time integration schemes used include an implicit Euler scheme [49,50] and backward differentiation formulae (BDF) [51]. The entirely implicit approach has also been (or seems to have been) used by other authors, see for example, Yin and White [52], Krause et al [53], Martuzans and Skryl [54], Nillson et al [55], Sokalski et al [56], and Volgin et al [46], sometimes with the help of ready software packages. Between the above entirely explicit and entirely implicit algorithms one finds a number of algorithms that are intermediate in the sense that they decouple the time stepping operations into separate stages of calculating concentrations and potential (or field strength), respectively, and the stages can differ by the degree of implicitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of dynamically adaptive grid techniques for the solution of electrochemical kinetic equations. Part 14: extension of the patch-adaptive strategy to time-dependent models involving migration–diffusion transport in one-dimensional space geometry, and its application to example transient experiments described by Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations

Bieniasz

2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Section: The Extended Strategysupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Spatial Discretisation Of the Generalised Second Spatial Dermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of dynamically adaptive grid techniques for the solution of electrochemical kinetic equations. Part 14: extension of the patch-adaptive strategy to time-dependent models involving migration–diffusion transport in one-dimensional space geometry, and its application to example transient experiments described by Nernst–Planck–Poisson equations

Bieniasz

2004

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…This was in part Paper 213 presented at the New Orleans, LA, Meeting of the Society, Oct. [10][11][12][13][14][15]1993.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All results presented in this work correspond to steady-state pulse conditions. At steady-state pulse conditions the total charge corresponding to copper and nickel in the alloy during a pulse cycle are Qc~ = I~ p icudt + i~t~ [9] = f~P (ip -ieu)dt [10] The nickel and copper content of the alloy are given by Eq. 11 and 12 [12] The dashed lines in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Corrosion on the Composition of Pulse‐Plated Cu‐Ni Alloys

Roy

Matlosz

Landolt

1994

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Copper and nickel are codeposited by pulse and reverse-pulse plating on a rotating cylinder cathode from a citrate bath. Polarization data for copper and nickel as well as potential transients during pulse and reverse-pulse current experiments show that displacement reactions may occur during the pulse off-time or pulse-reversal time. A mathematical model which includes this effect is developed to predict the composition of electrodeposited alloys. The model shows that copper deposits at the mass-transfer limiting current throughout the pulse-cycle while nickel is alternately deposited and dissolved during the pulse on-time and off-time (or reversal time). The alloy composition is governed by pulse parameters and the diffusion limiting current for copper deposition.Due to the importance of pulsed currents in alloy electrodeposition, 1-4 a variety of investigations have focused on determining the fundamental relationships between applied pulse-parameters, governing physical phenomena (such as reaction kinetics and hydrodynamics), and the composition of the deposit. Verbrugge and Tobias~'6 proposed a theoretical model which could be used to calculate current-voltage relationships, metal ion concentration at the cathode, and deposit composition during the electroplating of a multicomponent alloy using periodic currents. Their model included the equation of convective diffusion to describe liquid-phase mass transfer at a rotating disk, Butler-Volmer expressions to calculate the rate of chargetransfer reactions at the electrode surface, and activities of individual metals in the solid-state to compute the composition of the deposit. They investigated numerically the effect of hydrodynamics, reactant concentration, reversible potentials, and solid-state activity on the deposit composition of a Cd-Te alloy. Pesco and Cheh 7 used a treatment similar to that of Verbrugge and Tobias, except that solidstate activities were neglected. They computed the composition of Pb-Sn alloys plated at a rotating disk electrode under mixed mass-transfer and kinetic control. Ruffoni and Landolt ~ investigated experimentally the variation in the composition of Au-Cu-Cd alloys as a function of applied pulse parameters and hydrodynamics. The results were compared with the prediction of a mathematical model which took into account the kinetic behavior of the three alloy components and hydrogen. 9 More recently White and co-workers ~~ have presented a theoretical model which includes the effects of migration on ion transport and of addition agents on reaction kinetics of the depositing metals.During pulse-plating of binary a11oys, the applied current is cycled between a high and a low or zero value. At high current density, both alloying dements are reduced at the cathode, but at low current density or at the opencircuit potential the less noble metal can be selectively dissolved or displaced from the alloy by the more noble one. n46 The numerical analysis of Verbrugge and Tobias 5 has already indicated that the more noble component may contin...

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Current pulse plating of nickel-iron alloys on rotating disk electrodes

Yin

Jan

1996

Surface and Coatings Technology

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A mathematical model of pulse plating on a rotating disk electrode

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of Corrosion on the Composition of Pulse‐Plated Cu‐Ni Alloys

Current pulse plating of nickel-iron alloys on rotating disk electrodes

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