A mathematical model of diamagnetic line broadening in lung tissue and similar heterogeneous systems: Calculations and measurements

Case, Thomas A.; Durney, Carl H.; Ailion, David C.; Cutillo, A; Morris, Alan H.

doi:10.1016/0022-2364(87)90202-2

Cited by 71 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chen et al (17) propose the use of oxygen as a paramagnetic agent for ventilation imaging and Gd-DTPA contrast enhanced study for perfusion imaging. While these techniques differ with our method in many different aspects, the major differences are the use of hyperpolarized 3 He gas for ventilation and contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging using gadolinium chelates as a tracer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, 3 He gas is rare and expensive. Furthermore, to perform hyperpolarized 3 He ventilation imaging, the laser-polarizing unit and non-proton imaging receiver coils are required, and these impose extra cost. There is an additional advantage of oxygen ventilation imaging technique: Because oxygen is an essential component in the functional gas exchange, oxygen ventilation imaging technique potentially provides a means to directly study oxygen transfer from the air space to the pulmonary vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven a useful diagnostic tool in most organs of the body. However, MRI of the lung has been hampered due to the inherent properties of the lung, such as low proton density and large local susceptibility effect arising from the air-tissue interfaces within the lung (3,4). In spite of these challenges, proton MRI of the lung has been successfully demonstrated (5)(6)(7)(8), and prior reports have suggested that MRI has the potential to achieve V/Q scan using hyperpolarized gas and contrast-enhanced imaging (9 -13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ventilation imaging using hyperpolarized 3 He gas requires non-proton imaging apparatus, a laser-polarizing unit, and the expensive 3 He gas, thus imposing additional cost to the study. An alternative low-cost ventilation imaging technique has been demonstrated using inhaled oxygen as a paramagnetic T 1 shortening agent (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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MR ventilation‐perfusion imaging of human lung using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques

Bankier

Prasad

et al. 2001

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) imaging has been demonstrated using oxygen and arterial spin labeling techniques. Inhaled oxygen is used as a paramagnetic contrast agent in ventilation imaging using a multiple inversion recovery (MIR) approach. Pulmonary perfusion imaging is conducted using a flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery with an extra radiofrequency pulse (FAIRER) technique. A half Fourier single-short turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence is used for data acquisition in both techniques. V/Q imaging was performed in ten of the twenty volunteers, while either ventilation or perfusion was imaged in the other ten. This V/Q imaging scheme is completely noninvasive, does not involve ionized radiation, and shows promising potential for clinical use in the diagnosis of lung diseases such as pulmonary embolism. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14: 574 -579.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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MR ventilation‐perfusion imaging of human lung using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques

Bankier

Prasad

et al. 2001

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…The lungs have a low proton density (22) and short transverse relaxation time (T 2 *) (23,24), compromising available MRI signal. Also, the lungs are mobile and highly vascular, generating motion and flow artifacts, respectively (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Variable Lung Density Consideration in Attenuation Correction of Whole-Body PET/MRI

Marshall

Prato²,

Deans³

et al. 2012

J Nucl Med

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Present attenuation-correction algorithms in whole-body PET/ MRI do not consider variations in lung density, either within or between patients; this may adversely affect accurate quantification. In this work, a technique to incorporate patient-specific lung density information into MRI-based attenuation maps is developed and compared with an approach that assumes uniform lung density. Methods: Five beagles were scanned with 18 F-FDG PET/CT and MRI. The relationship between MRI and CT signal in the lungs was established, allowing the prediction of attenuation coefficients from MRI. MR images were segmented into air, lung, and soft tissue and converted into attenuation maps, some with constant lung density and some with patient-specific lung densities. The resulting PET images were compared by both global metrics of quantitative fidelity (accuracy, precision, and root mean squared error) and locally with relative error in volumes of interest. Results: A linear relationship was established between MRI and CT signal in the lungs. Constant lung density attenuation maps did not perform as well as patient-specific lung density attenuation maps, regardless of what constant density was chosen. In particular, when attenuation maps with patient-specific lung density were used, precision, accuracy, and root mean square error improved in lung tissue. In volumes of interest placed in the lungs, relative error was significantly reduced from a minimum of 12% to less than 5%. The benefit extended to tissues adjacent to the lungs but became less important as distance from the lungs increased. Conclusion: A means of using MRI to infer patient-specific attenuation coefficients in the lungs was developed and applied to augment whole-body MRI-based attenuation maps. This technique has been shown to improve the quantitative fidelity of PET images in the lungs and nearby tissues, compared with an approach that assumes uniform lung density.Key Words: PET/MRI; attenuation correction; lung density; segmentation; whole-body imaging Aft er a decade and a half of development, human whole-body PET/MRI systems are now a reality (1). It has been widely speculated that PET/MRI will prove useful in several clinical disciplines (2-4), a prediction that is in the nascent stages of realization (5,6). However, without a means of attenuation correction (AC), accurate quantification in PET is not possible.Multiple approaches have been proposed to create MRIbased attenuation maps (m-maps) (7-15). However, none of these approaches measures the attenuation coefficients (m-coefficients) of the lungs, which vary both between individuals (16) and within a given individual (17,18) and are influenced by inflation (16,17,19), gravitational dependency (18,19), and pathology (18,20,21).Visualizing lung parenchyma with MRI is challenging. The lungs have a low proton density (22) and short transverse relaxation time (T 2 *) (23,24), compromising available MRI signal. Also, the lungs are mobile and highly vascular, generating motion and flow artifacts, respectively...

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Modeling the nuclear magnetic resonance behavior of lung: From electrical engineering to critical care medicine

Cutillo

Ailion

1999

Bioelectromagnetics

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A mathematical model of diamagnetic line broadening in lung tissue and similar heterogeneous systems: Calculations and measurements

Cited by 71 publications

References 6 publications

MR ventilation‐perfusion imaging of human lung using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques

MR ventilation‐perfusion imaging of human lung using oxygen‐enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques

Variable Lung Density Consideration in Attenuation Correction of Whole-Body PET/MRI

Modeling the nuclear magnetic resonance behavior of lung: From electrical engineering to critical care medicine

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