A Manœuvring Diagram for Avoiding Collisions at Sea

Cockcroft, A. N.

doi:10.1017/s0373463300040273

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…By considering both Rule 8 on ‘action to avoid collision’ and Rule 19 on ‘conduct of vessels in restricted visibility’ and applying the principles of collision avoidance geometry, the effectiveness of collision avoidance actions by one's own vessel against targets at various bearings and ranges in restricted visibility can be simulated and calculated. The results can be used to create a manoeuvring diagram for collision avoidance (Cockcroft, 2010).…”

Section: Application Of the Colregsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the development and trend of COLREGs – A broader perspective

Dong,

Li,

2023

J. Navigation

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With the rapid development of the maritime industry and the emergence of unmanned ships, it is necessary to continuously review the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972, COLREGs). This paper provides an overview of the developing history of the COLREGs and summarises the interpretations made by the International Maritime Organization official and academic scholars. Additionally, the paper discusses the application of the COLREGs in collision avoidance geometry and autonomous collision avoidance systems. Furthermore, the necessity and key points of revisions to adapt to industry advancements are discussed, along with an analysis of the main challenges faced. Finally, in light of the continuous progress and implementation of the outcome of the Regulatory Scoping Exercise for the Use of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), the paper points out that achieving consistency between manned and unmanned vessels, as well as developing COLREGs-based autonomous collision avoidance systems for more complex scenarios, is expected to be a significant trend in the future.

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Section: Application Of the Colregsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the development and trend of COLREGs – A broader perspective

Dong,

Li,

2023

J. Navigation

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“…The figures are reported in Table S1. The distance between the OS and the TS was set at 6 miles reported to commence the collision avoidance operation [27,28]. The collision risk matrix was constructed using the collision risk index described in Section 2.2.1. for three cases when the OS is faster than TS, the speed of the OS and TS are the same, and the OS is slower than the TS based on the relative bearing, aspect, and fixed distance of 6 miles.…”

Section: Collision Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Human Encounter Situation Awareness Results Using Support Vector Machine Models

et al. 2023

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This study constructs a support vector machine model based on supervised learning to model the results of situation awareness for ship collision avoidance. To explain the model, collision risk situations were defined, and human situation recognition results were collected in the specified cases. Moreover, it was used to build predictors and outcome variables. Finally, the constructed variable was applied to the classification model. This model provides insight into the results of the navigator’s encounter situation awareness when collision avoidance is required. The results indicate that the proposed model can be used to predict human situation awareness outcomes in given cases.

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“…As a result, the visibility setup became an important element in the construction of simulator scenarios. An escape action should be taken by the participant's ship if a target ship is 3 nm or less from them (Calvert 1960 ;Calvert 1961;Cockcroft 1972). Cockcroft further stated that collision avoidance action taken under 4 nm would be seen as a Close Quarter Situation (CQS) ; 3 nm was therefore set as the visibility range for all simulator scenarios.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The AIS-Assisted Collision Avoidance

et al. 2009

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Shipborne AIS provides independent traffic information to the bridge lookout on duty. This study examines the effect of AIS enhanced bridge lookout operation by means of a ship simulator. The two groups of participants, all qualified British deep sea deck officers, undertook identical simulation scenarios, but one group had the AIS on and the other did not. Significant differences were found between the two groups in reading the targets' privileged status and handling the head-on situation. Those with AIS information were found to avoid possible collisions faster than the group for whom AIS information was not available.1. AIS. 2. Radar. 3. Collision Avoidance. 4. Simulation. I N T R O D U C T I O N. The aim of a shipborne Automatic IdentificationSystem (AIS) is to help identify vessels, assist in target tracking, simplify information exchange and provide additional information to assist with situation awareness (IMO 2002). IMO Resolution A917 (22), describes AIS as a potential aid in collision avoidance and also highlights the use of AIS as an additional navigation system that supports (but does not replace) the existing navigational system. AIS provides an independent platform of traffic information that is able to enhance and support ship's radar in collision avoidance manoeuvring. Depending upon the system's specifications, near real-time Rate of Turn (ROT) and engine-speed may also be available, while voyage information and navigational status can be obtained via the AIS network.The consensus among users is that AIS has not reached system maturity in terms of the degree of system integration and data display. This study aims to examine the effect on end users operating AIS on the bridge. To examine the effect, a simulator experiment was undertaken, based on a merged AIS bridge operation with correct information displayed throughout the exercise. The focus was on the function of AIS in providing additional information to bridge operations during ship manoeuvring, with the effects of operating AIS measured by means of variable analysis.

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A Manœuvring Diagram for Avoiding Collisions at Sea

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A study on the development and trend of COLREGs – A broader perspective

A study on the development and trend of COLREGs – A broader perspective

Modeling Human Encounter Situation Awareness Results Using Support Vector Machine Models

The AIS-Assisted Collision Avoidance

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