A macrophage membrane-coated mesoporous silica nanoplatform inhibiting adenosine A2AR via in situ oxygen supply for immunotherapy

Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged DNA-functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for tumor-targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy

“…59 DOX treatment alone also had little effect on activating DCs (23%), suggesting that ICD failed to induce a sufficient antitumor immune response. 60 Furthermore, the production of various cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, was assessed in the coculture system. Both TNF-α and IL-6 are DCs activation-related cytokines that are essential indicators of cellular and humoral immune system activation.…”

Amplifying “eat me signal” by immunogenic cell death for potentiating cancer immunotherapy

“…49 Furthermore, the adenosine/adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) signaling improves the activity of immunosuppressive cells, for example, MDSCs and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and facilitates malignant behaviors of tumor cells. 50 Adenosine is a well-established immunosuppressive metabolite as an emerging target for getting over immune escape. Owing to the strong metabolic activity, adenosine content within the tumor microenvironment is 17 times more compared with that in healthy tissue.…”

“…Adenosine and hypoxia within the immunosuppressive microenvironment concurrently result in immunosuppression 51 . Macrophage membrane‐coated nanoparticles that load catalase, doxorubicin as well as R848 is capable of specially targeting the tumor sites through binding to ligands, thus improving immunotherapeutic effects 50 . The A2AR of Tregs can be further suppressed owing to in situ oxygen generation via hydrogen peroxide catalysis, while the nanoplatform‐released doxorubicin and R848 can potentiate ICD and improve the activation of DCs, eventually enhancing the CD8+ T cell‐triggered immune responses.…”

Macrophage Membrane-Coated MnO2 Nanoparticles Provide Neuroprotection by Reducing Oxidative Stress after Spinal Cord Injury

“…Erythrocyte-derived cell membranes functionalized nanoparticles have a high immune system escape function . In addition to this, immune cell membranes such as macrophage membranes-derived functionalized nanoparticles have a role in chemotactic targeting of inflammation . Macrophage membranes selectively adhere and infiltrate into SCI lesions through the interaction of relevant receptors on the cell membrane with the endothelium of the damaged spinal cord microvasculature.…”

“…30 In addition to this, immune cell membranes such as macrophage membranes-derived functionalized nanoparticles have a role in chemotactic targeting of inflammation. 31 Macrophage membranes selectively adhere and infiltrate into SCI lesions through the interaction of relevant receptors on the cell membrane with the endothelium of the damaged spinal cord microvasculature. Among these, such as the VLA4 protein (consists of Integrinα4 and Integrinβ1) and Mac-1 protein (consists of CD11b and CD18), which can interact with vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), respectively, which are highly expressed in endothelial cells at sites of inflammation.…”