A Low-Viscosity Soluble-Fiber Fruit Juice Supplement Fails to Lower Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Men and Women

Abstract

This study was designed to determine whether a soluble dietary fiber supplement containing gum arabic and pectin in apple juice would lower serum lipids in 110 hypercholesterolemic men and women. Subjects were stabilized on an American Heart Association Phase I Diet for 8 wk. Those with elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, despite dietary modification, continued to follow the diet and were randomly assigned to receive 720 mL/d of apple juice containing 0 (control), 5, 9 or 15 g of gum arabic and pectin (4:1 ratio) for 12 wk, followed by a 6-wk apple juice-only washout phase. Serum lipid profiles, body weight and 3-day diet records were collected at 3-wk intervals. No significant differences among groups were observed in serum lipid responses during treatment or washout. During the treatment phase, mean serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increased by 3.5 and 28.5%, respectively (all groups combined, P < 0.0001). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol level did not change significantly from baseline in any group. During washout, mean total cholesterol concentration rose by an additional 2.4% (P < 0.05) compared with the value at the end of the treatment period, suggesting that the apple juice used to deliver the fiber supplement may have contributed to the adverse changes observed in the serum lipid profile. These findings do not support the hypothesized hypocholesterolemic effect of the gum arabic/pectin (4:1) mixture studied, but do underline the importance of selecting appropriate vehicles for delivery of dietary fiber mixtures.

Inhibitory Effect of Pectin from the Segment Membrane of Citrus Fruits on Lipase Activity

“…Administration of such pectins, however, did not affect pancreatic lipase activity ( 4 ). Dosage of pectin to human beings failed to lower cholesterol ( 13 ). Inhibitory effect of pectin on pancreatic lipase was weaker than other dietary fibers such as alfalfa, oat bran, wheat bran and xylan ( 14 ).…”

Effect of an Oat Bran-Rich Supplement on the Metabolic Profile of Overweight Premenopausal Women

“…In addition, the mode of administration as well as the treatment regimen could have infl uenced results obtained in the present study. However, the administration of the soluble fi ber supplement through a drinkable preparation generated controversial results [9,11,12,46,47]. Similarly, incorporation of soluble fi bers into bread, muffi ns or cookies yielded different effects [6,8,12] .…”

Le rôle des différents nutriments et de leurs possibles interactions dans les effets santé de la pomme

“…Des essais ultérieurs avec des jus de pomme supplémentés en fibres n'avaient pas été concluants [27], mais une expérience plus récente [28] a conclu à une réduction par la pomme (fruit entier ou jus) des processus d'oxydation des LDL, ce qui aboutit à une diminution de l'athérogénicité de ces lipoprotéines. Dans les années 2000, les effets de la pomme ont été réétudiés de façon plus synthétique, en prenant en compte non seulement l'impact de la fraction fibre mais aussi les synergies possibles avec d'autres nutriments tels que les polyphé-nols.…”

“…Il faut certainement relativiser les données de Eberhardt et al [37] selon lesquelles 100 g de pomme fraîche posséderaient le même potentiel antioxydant que 1500 mg de vitamine C dans un système in vitro. Il est néanmoins plausible que la pomme puisse diminuer l'athérogénicité des lipoprotéines circulantes en augmentant la capacité antioxydante des fluides biologiques [6,18,27,37]. L'identification des constituants de la pomme les plus importants dans cette action protectrice fait l'objet de recherches actives : les quantités de vitamine C contenues dans la pomme (environ 10 mg·100 g -1 ) ne sont certainement pas décisives et les recherches actuelles se focalisent davantage sur les polyphénols.…”