A Low-Power Low-Noise mm-Wave Subsampling PLL Using Dual-Step-Mixing ILFD and Tail-Coupling Quadrature Injection-Locked Oscillator for IEEE 802.11ad

Siriburanon, Teerachot; Kondo, Satoshi; Katsuragi, Makihiko; Liu, Hanli; Kimura, Kazushige; Deng, Wei; Okada, Kei; Matsuzawa, Akira

doi:10.1109/jssc.2016.2529004

Cited by 86 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Specifically, this rulemaking from FCC opens up a total of 10.85 GHz of spectrum, 3.85 GHz for licensed mobile use and 7 GHz for unlicensed use [33]. There are already various standards established for indoor wireless personal area networks (WPAN)/wireless local area networks (WLAN), such as IEEE 802.15.3c [34], IEEE 802.11ad [35], [36], and ECMA-387 [37], [38], which spurs growing interests in (mmWave) outdoor commercial cellular systems. While the mmWave standardization activities for commercial cellular networks are still ongoing, mmWave RATs are currently used for many applications, such for instance radar systems [39], point-to-point (PTP) communication [20], [40], satellite communications (SATCOM) applications [41], [42], radio astronomy [43] and military [44], [45].…”

Section: A Background and Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges

2020

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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks will almost certainly operate in the high-bandwidth, underutilized millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency spectrum, which offers the potentiality of highcapacity wireless transmission of multi-gigabit-per-second (Gbps) data rates. Despite the enormous available bandwidth potential, mmWave signal transmissions suffer from fundamental technical challenges like severe path loss, sensitivity to blockage, directivity, and narrow beamwidth, due to its short wavelengths. To effectively support system design and deployment, accurate channel modeling comprising several 5G technologies and scenarios is essential. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of several emerging technologies for 5G systems, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies, multiple access technologies, hybrid analog-digital precoding and combining, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), cell-free massive MIMO, and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technologies. These technologies induce distinct propagation characteristics and establish specific requirements on 5G channel modeling. To tackle these challenges, we first provide a survey of existing solutions and standards and discuss the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum and regulatory issues for mmWave communications. Second, we compared existing wireless communication techniques like sub-6-GHz WiFi and sub-6 GHz 4G LTE over mmWave communications which come with benefits comprising narrow beam, high signal quality, large capacity data transmission, and strong detection potential. Third, we describe the fundamental propagation characteristics of the mmWave band and survey the existing channel models for mmWave communications. Fourth, we track evolution and advancements in hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO systems in terms of system models of hybrid precoding architectures, hybrid analog and digital precoding/combining matrices, with the potential antenna configuration scenarios and mmWave channel estimation (CE) techniques. Fifth, we extend the scope of the discussion by including multiple access technologies for mmWave systems such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and space-division multiple access (SDMA), with limited RF chains at the base station. Lastly, we explore the integration of SWIPT in mmWave massive MIMO systems, with limited RF chains, to realize spectrally and energy-efficient communications. INDEX TERMS Millimeter wave communications, propagation, channel measurements, channel models, MIMO, hybrid precoding, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), multiple access techniques, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), RF energy harvesting. NOMENCLATURE 2D Two-dimensional. 3D Three-dimensional The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Jiayi Zhang .

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Section: A Background and Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges

2020

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“…At 29.2 GHz, an output level of -1.2 dBm can be achieved. Across 1 Total power consumption of the two blocks in I/Q path. 2 Total power consumption of the two stage buffer.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, layout parasitics and electromagnetic coupling between quadrature paths should be carefully taken care of. Even though phase mismatch may be compensated by detuning frequency of locked oscillator [1], the PN of locked oscillator may degrade due to reduction of injection efficiency [6]. To avoid such dilemma, phase inaccuracy introduced by HE should be minimized.…”

Section: Design Considerations and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For low PN, the degradation of quality (Q)-factor of a tank at mm-wave should be avoided. Sub-harmonic injection locking can be used but it is susceptible to PVT variations and typically requires an additional calibration loop [1]. An alternative approach is to use a third-harmonic extraction technique which extracts the desired third harmonic component from high-Q class-F oscillator, achieving low PN with high reliability [2]- [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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28 GHz Quadrature Frequency Generation Exploiting Injection-Locked Harmonic Extractors for 5G Communications

Gao

Siriburanon

et al. 2019

2019 17th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS)

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This paper proposes a mm-wave quadrature frequency generator using injection-locked harmonic extractors (HEs) incorporated with quadrature class-F oscillators. While maintaining high output levels at 28 GHz, the utilization of injection locking technique improves the effective quality (Q)-factor and helps to achieve a fundamental harmonic suppression of 60 dB. This results in an FoM of the entire frequency generation system reaching-184 dB. The consideration of quadrature phase mismatch induced by electromagnetic coupling between quadrature buffers is also discussed.

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“…Several approaches have been reported to improve the integrated PN (IPN) or rms jitter of mmW PLLs. In [5] and [6], a sub-sampling technique was applied to a 60-GHz integer-N analog PLL. Wide loop bandwidth (BW) of >1 MHz was used to suppress the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) PN and achieve good IPN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Noise Fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Digital Frequency Synthesizer With Implicit Frequency Tripling for mm-Wave Applications

Zong

Chen

Staszewski

2019

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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In this paper, we propose a 60-GHz fractional-N digital frequency synthesizer aimed at reducing its phase noise (PN) at both the flicker (1/f 3) and thermal (1/f 2) regions while minimizing its power consumption. The digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) fundamentally resonates at 20 GHz and co-generates a strong third harmonic at 60 GHz which is extracted to the output while canceling the 20-GHz fundamental. The latter component is fed back to the frequency dividers in an all-digital phase-locked loop for phase detection, which comprises a pair of digital-to-time and time-to-digital converters with dithering to attenuate fractional spurs. The mechanism of flicker noise upconversion to 1/f 3 PN in the DCO is investigated, and a reduction technique is proposed. The 28-nm CMOS prototype achieves 213-277-fs rms jitter in the 57.5-67.2-GHz tuning range while consuming only 40 mW. The DCO flicker PN corner is record low at 300-400 kHz.

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A Low-Power Low-Noise mm-Wave Subsampling PLL Using Dual-Step-Mixing ILFD and Tail-Coupling Quadrature Injection-Locked Oscillator for IEEE 802.11ad

Cited by 86 publications

References 26 publications

A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges

A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges

28 GHz Quadrature Frequency Generation Exploiting Injection-Locked Harmonic Extractors for 5G Communications

A Low-Noise Fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Digital Frequency Synthesizer With Implicit Frequency Tripling for mm-Wave Applications

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