A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia

Yancy, W Sam; Olsen, Magnus Kringstad; Guyton, John R.; Bakst, Ronna P.; Westman, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.07.104

Cited by 29 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…However, given that excessive carbohydrate and fat intake can alter normal energy homeostasis, several studies examining their specific restriction, often combined with total caloric restriction, have been performed in NAFLD patients, with varying success. A large randomized controlled trial comparing low-fat versus low-carbohydrate diets showed greater weight loss, greater compliance, and improved lipid panels in the low-carbohy-drate groups [28]. A recent pilot trial of five NAFLD patients adhering to a low-carbohydrate diet for 6 months showed histologic improvements in four of the five patients and a mean weight loss of 12.8 kg [29].…”

Section: Diet/energy Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current treatments in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Torres¹,

Harrison

2007

Curr Treat Options Gastro

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the United States secondary to the growing obesity epidemic. Although most patients with NAFLD do not develop progressive liver disease, the subset of NAFLD patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at risk for progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which necessitates appropriate follow-up and management. Unfortunately, proven treatment modalities for NASH that result in complete histopathologic regression of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis do not exist. Many therapeutic approaches to NAFLD management have been attempted, with varying degrees of success. However, most of these studies have been limited to small, single-center, uncontrolled trials. Based on our evolving understanding of the disease's pathogenesis, it seems logical that a multidisciplinary approach addressing the underlying metabolic syndrome and the resultant intrinsic liver injury is necessary. Diet, exercise, surgical weight loss, diabetic medications, and hepatoprotective agents all have been studied and may serve as potential weapons in our armamentarium against this disease. Although most of these approaches have been studied as single-modality therapy, we believe that combination, multimodality therapy is required to treat this disease effectively.

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Section: Diet/energy Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current treatments in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Torres¹,

Harrison

2007

Curr Treat Options Gastro

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“…In a 24‐week study involving 120 obese, relatively healthy hyperlipidaemic individuals, a low‐carbohydrate diet resulted in greater weight loss than a low‐fat diet (12.9% vs. 6.7%) and improved outcomes in triglyceride and HDL‐cholesterol levels while LDL‐cholesterol levels remained stable (16). Both groups attended twice‐monthly group meetings at which they received additional dietary counselling as well as exercise recommendations while the low‐carbohydrate group received nutritional supplementation with multivitamins, essential oils (containing fish oil) and a herbal supplement.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes in triglyceride and HDL‐cholesterol levels seen on a low‐carbohydrate diet, while good, need to be put in the context of the high dropout rates on this diet, although on a par with the dropout rates on a low‐fat dieting approach also. Some of the improvements in triglycerides can be explained by use of omega‐3 fish oil supplements in several of the studies while further reduction in triglycerides in subjects following the low‐carbohydrate diet may have been magnified because of the greater initial weight loss in this group (16,21,25). The clinical significance of carbohydrate‐induced hypertriglyceridaemia in individuals who are otherwise healthy is an area of great debate and currently no firm conclusions can be made about long‐term heart disease risk.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little documented information has been reported in the scientific literature about adverse effects attributed to a low‐carbohydrate diet although common short‐term side‐effects often cited include constipation, fatigue, halitosis, headache, thirst, polyuria and nausea (4,16,22,52). One study evaluating adherence to a weight‐loss low‐carbohydrate diet (<25 g d −1 ) over 6 months found that of the 41 individuals who attended reviews: 63% reported bad breath, 51% reported headache, 10% noted hair loss, one woman reported increased menstrual bleeding and one subject had moderately severe headaches for 3 months (52).…”

Section: Other Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety of low‐carbohydrate diets

Crowe

2005

Obesity Reviews

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Low-carbohydrate diets have re-emerged into the public spotlight and are enjoying a high degree of popularity as people search for a solution to the population's ever-expanding waistline. The current evidence though indicates that low-carbohydrate diets present no significant advantage over more traditional energy-restricted diets on long-term weight loss and maintenance. Furthermore, a higher rate of adverse side-effects can be attributed to low-carbohydrate dieting approaches. Short-term efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets has been demonstrated for some lipid parameters of cardiovascular risk and measures of glucose control and insulin sensitivity, but no studies have ascertained if these effects represent a change in primary outcome measures. Low-carbohydrate diets are likely effective and not harmful in the short term and may have therapeutic benefits for weight-related chronic diseases although weight loss on such a program should be undertaken under medical supervision. While new commercial incarnations of the low-carbohydrate diet are now addressing overall dietary adequacy by encouraging plenty of high-fibre vegetables, fruit, low-glycaemic-index carbohydrates and healthier fat sources, this is not the message that reaches the entire public nor is it the type of diet adopted by many people outside of the world of a well-designed clinical trial. Health effects of long-term ad hoc restriction of inherently beneficial food groups without a concomitant reduction in body weight remains unanswered.

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“…There is significant academic and public interest in the effectiveness of popular diets, particularly low‐carbohydrate diets, 1–7 but to our knowledge there is little information on the quality of nutrition information contained in these diet books. Several aspects of health information quality have been assessed in other widely accessible non‐peer reviewed sources such as the internet 8,9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Brief report: Nutrition and weight loss information in a popular diet book: Is it fact, fiction, or something in between?

et al. 2006

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Diet books dominate the New York Times Advice Best Seller list and consumers cite such books as an important source of nutrition information. However, the scientific support for nutrition claims presented as fact (nutrition facts) in diet books is not known. DESIGN/MEASUREMENTS: We assessed the quality of nutrition facts in the best‐selling South Beach Diet using support in peer‐reviewed literature as a measure of quality. We performed structured literature searches on nutrition facts located in the books' text, and then assigned each fact to 1 of 4 categories (1) fact supported, (2) fact not supported, (3) fact both supported and not supported, and (4) no related papers. A panel of expert reviewers adjudicated the findings. RESULTS: Forty‐two nutrition facts were included. Fourteen (33%) facts were supported, 7 (17%) were not supported, 18 (43%) were both supported and not supported, and 3 (7%) had no related papers, including the fact that the diet had been “scientifically studied and proven effective.” CONCLUSIONS: Consumers obtain nutrition information from diet books. We found that over 67% of nutrition facts in a best‐seller diet book may not be supported in the peer‐reviewed literature. These findings have important implications for educating consumers about nutrition information sources.

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A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Current treatments in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Current treatments in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Safety of low‐carbohydrate diets

Brief report: Nutrition and weight loss information in a popular diet book: Is it fact, fiction, or something in between?

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