A Long-Lasting Vortex Rossby Wave–Induced Rainband of Typhoon Longwang (2005)

Wang, Danyang; Li, Yuanlong; Liu, Qingshan; Chen, Minyan; Xu, Fanghua; Wang, Yuqing; Huang, Bin

doi:10.1175/bams-d-17-0122.1

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Longwang brought unprecedented heavy rainfall over the coastal area of Fujian Province during its second landfall, with an hourly rainfall of 152 mm at Changle (Figure ) and an accumulated 24‐hr precipitation over 330 mm in the Fuzhou area, which led to the most devastating rainfall in Fujian Province over the last 50 years. Based on a Doppler radar analysis, Lin et al (, hereafter L18) revealed that a long‐lived rainband contributed to the heavy rainfall. This powerful rainband was argued by L18 to be associated with a VRW, based on the similarity of its propagation speed, shape, and environmental fields to theoretical VRW dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study on the Formation and Maintenance of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005)

Wang

2019

JGR Atmospheres

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A 14‐hr long‐lasting spiral rainband of landfalling Typhoon Longwang (2005) was investigated based on a high‐resolution simulation using the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. This rainband was previously suggested to be triggered and maintained by vortex‐Rossby wave (VRW) dynamics based on available observations. The simulation results in the present study further suggest that the rainband originated from a previously existing wavenumber‐2 VRW. The wave amplified via a positive feedback between Ekman pumping and diabatic heating. The wavenumber‐1 convective forcing induced by the deep‐layer environmental vertical wind shear also contributed to the amplification of the rainband after its formation. Although both observations and simulation showed the long‐lived (greater than 10 hr) rainband with leading stratiform precipitation, unlike in observations, the rainband in the simulation showed a transition from an inner rainband to an outer rainband when the simulated rainband moved beyond the VRW stagnation radius at about 140 km from the storm center. As a result, in the band's later stages, VRW dynamics could not contribute to the maintenance of the rainband. Instead, both cold‐pool dynamics and vertical wind shear‐induced wavenumber‐1 convective forcing played key roles in the further maintenance of the rainband.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study on the Formation and Maintenance of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005)

Wang

2019

JGR Atmospheres

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“…A control experiment with standard model settings captured well the overall track and intensity of the storm and the evolution and propagation of the rainband of interest. As discussed in Li et al (2019), the formation of the rainband was associated with a preexisting wavenumber‐2 potential vorticity wave, which showed a characteristic of vortex Rossby wave as in observation (Lin et al, 2018). In this study, we have found that although both the terrains and landmass near Fujian had little effects on the formation of the rainband, they largely modulated the propagation of the upwind sector of the rainband near the coastline at the later stage.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Li et al (2019) further verified this hypothesis using a high-resolution simulation and showed that the cold-pool dynamics and environmental vertical wind shear-induced wavenumber-1 forcing also played important roles in the maintenance of such a long-lived rainband. Another striking feature of this rainband, which was not addressed in either Lin et al (2018) or Li et al (2019), was that the rainband propagated along the coastline of Fujian Province away from the typhoon center. For such a long-lived rainband, in addition to its formation and maintenance, an accurate forecast of its propagation is also crucial for disaster risk prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A fascinating long‐lived rainband formed onshore near the coast of Fujian Province of China in Typhoon Longwang (25 September to 3 October 2005), as Longwang approached Fujian Province from the southeast after it passed over Taiwan Island (Figure 1). The rainband lasted for ~14 hr and caused the most devastating rainfall in Fujian Province over the last 50 years, with a record‐breaking hourly rainfall of 152 mm in Changle, Fujian (Lin et al, 2018). Unfortunately, the severe rainfall associated with this rainband was significantly underpredicted and 96 deaths were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spiral rainbands are among the most striking components of a tropical cyclone (TC, also known as typhoon and hurricane). By bringing severe weathers, such as torrential rain, squalls, and tornadoes, spiral rainbands in landfalling TCs frequently lead to widespread destruction, property damage, and loss of life in geologically susceptible areas (e.g., Hall et al, 2013; Lin et al, 2018; Liu & Smith, 2016; Smith et al, 2009). Because of insufficient understanding of the involved complex dynamical and physical processes, forecasts of TC spiral rainbands and their associated extreme rainfall are not always skillful and remain challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Terrain and Landmass Near Fujian Province of China on the Structure and Propagation of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005): A Numerical Study

Wang

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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A~14-hr long-lived spiral rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005) produced catastrophic rainfall in Fujian Province of China on 2 October 2005. In this study, the effects of terrain and landmass near Fujian on the structure and propagation of this rainband are investigated through high-resolution numerical simulations. Results show that although the terrain and landmass near Fujian played a marginal role in the formation of the rainband, both greatly affected the structure and propagation of the rainband. Namely, convection in the upwind sector of the rainband tended to be maintained and locked up near the coastline in the control experiment with both the terrain and landmass near Fujian retained, but shrank more inland with the terrain near Fujian flattened, and further inland with the landmass near Fujian replaced by the virtual ocean. It is found that due to the land-sea surface roughness contrast, the upstream tangential winds from ocean would be substantially decelerated over land and thus induced a local subgradient force onshore near the coastline. The radially inward agradient force and the subsequent surface friction helped maintain the moisture convergence, and thus convection and the cold pool in the upwind sector of the rainband near the coastline. Although the orographic lifting and blocking effects were found to be marginal to the moisture convergence in the rainband, the terrains near Fujian enhanced the deceleration of surface winds, enhancing the effect of land-sea surface roughness contrast on low-level moisture convergence and thus the lockup of the upwind sector of the rainband. Plain Language Summary A~14-hr long-lived spiral rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005) produced catastrophic rainfall in Fujian Province of China on 2 October 2005. The effects of terrain and landmass near Fujian on the structure and propagation of this rainband are investigated through high-resolution numerical simulations in this study. We show that although the terrain and landmass near Fujian played a marginal role in the formation of the rainband, both greatly affected the structure and propagation of the rainband. It is found that due to the land-sea surface roughness contrast, the upstream tangential winds from ocean were substantially decelerated over land and thus induced a local subgradient force onshore near the coastline. The radially inward agradient force and the subsequent surface friction helped maintain the moisture convergence, and thus convection and the cold pool in the upwind sector of the rainband near the coastline. Although the orographic lifting and blocking effects were found to be marginal to the moisture convergence in the rainband, the terrains near Fujian enhanced the deceleration of surface winds, enhancing the effect of land-sea surface roughness contrast on low-level moisture convergence and thus the lockup of the upwind sector of the rainband.

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Record‐breaking rainfall accumulations in eastern China produced by Typhoon In‐fa (2021)

Huang

Chan

Zhan

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Persistent heavy rainfall produced by western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) can lead to widespread flooding and landslides in Asian countries. On July 2021, unprecedent rainfall amount occurred when Typhoon In‐fa passed through the highly populated eastern China. While the associated synoptic features have been analyzed, the extreme characteristics and return periods of rainfall induced by In‐fa remain unexplored. Analyses of rainfall data from a WNP TC database of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) show that Typhoon In‐fa not only produces record‐breaking rainfall accumulations at individual surface stations, but generates unprecedent rainfall amounts for the whole area of eastern China. Quantitatively, 2, 4, 11, 24 and 55 stations are exposed to once in 200‐, 100‐, 50‐, 20‐ and 10‐year extreme TC rainfall accumulations, respectively, and total rainfall at 75 stations reaches a record high since 1980. Overall, the return period is up to ~481 years for the total rainfall amount accumulated in eastern China during the 1980–2019 baseline. The extremely long rainfall duration is identified as key to the torrential rains in the Yangtze River Delta before In‐fa changes its direction of movement from northwestward to northeastward, while the extreme rain rate plays a dominant role in the northern areas afterwards. Probabilities of occurrence of such an unprecedented TC rainfall event have increased in most (~75%) of the eastern China during the period of 2000–2019 compared with those during 1980–1999. Our study highlights the likely increase in risk of extreme TC‐induced rainfall accumulations which should be considered in disaster risk mitigation.

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A Long-Lasting Vortex Rossby Wave–Induced Rainband of Typhoon Longwang (2005)

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A Numerical Study on the Formation and Maintenance of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005)

A Numerical Study on the Formation and Maintenance of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005)

Effects of Terrain and Landmass Near Fujian Province of China on the Structure and Propagation of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005): A Numerical Study

Record‐breaking rainfall accumulations in eastern China produced by Typhoon In‐fa (2021)

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