A Layer-by-Layer Architecture for Printable Organic Solar Cells Overcoming the Scaling Lag of Module Efficiency

Abstract

To date, organic solar cells (OSCs) with the development of photovoltaic materials have realized high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) through the solution processing strategy with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure, but the BHJ morphology is difficult to control in large-scale fabrication of OSCs. Herein, we report an alternative film-forming technology known as layer-bylayer (LbL). As compared to its BHJ counterpart, LbL presents many unique advantages including controllable ''p-i-n'' morphology, good charge transport and extraction properties, and great universality. By using the LbL-bladed coating strategy, a high PCE of 16.35% was achieved in the PM6:Y6 OSCs. Notably, a large-area solar module of 11.52 cm 2 with a geometrical fill factor of over 90% exhibited an outstanding PCE of 11.86%, which represents the highest efficiency of large-area solar modules. The results may pave the way for the fabrication of the photoactive layer in the future industrial production of OSCs.

Enhanced and Balanced Charge Transport Boosting Ternary Solar Cells Over 17% Efficiency

“…The optimal PM6:Y6 binary device exhibits a V oc of 0.84 V, a J sc of 24.25 mA cm −2 , and an FF of 0.795, yielding a PCE of 16.19%, in line with previous report. [11,26] By contrast, the binary device based on DRTB-T-C4:Y6 has a poor PCE of 4.14% with a V oc of 0.90 V, a J sc of 10.93 mA cm −2 , and an FF of 0.42. When increasing the content of DRTB-T-C4 by 10% (in donors w/w) into the host PM6:Y6 blend, the resulting ternary device produces the PCE of 17.13%, accompanied with a V oc of 0.85 V, a J sc of 24.79 mA cm −2 , and an FF of 0.813, which is one of the best efficiencies for the ternary OSCs reported to date.…”

“…Recently, a new NFA semiconductor abbreviated as Y6 was reported to yield a breakthrough PCE of over 16% in combination with a polymer donor named PM6. [11,[25][26][27][28] The PM6:Y6 blend exhibits barrierless free charge generation with low recombination, regardless of excitation energy, rendering it a high-performance binary system. [29] In this work, we incorporated a second donor DRTB-T-C4 into the host PM6:Y6 blend to construct ternary OSCs and obtained a very impressive PCE of 17.13% with a V oc of 0.85 V, a J sc of 24.79 mA cm −2 , and an FF of 0.813.…”

Single-Component Non-halogen Solvent-Processed High-Performance Organic Solar Cell Module with Efficiency over 14%

“…[7][8][9][10][11] Although encouraging results are obtained in small-area devices based on NFAs, the efficiencies of module devices still lag far behind. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] One of the major concerns in constructing large-area modules is the toxicity of processing solvents. Numerous high-performance spin-coated small-area devices were obtained by halogen solvents (e.g., chlorobenzene, chloroform, etc.)…”

Printable and Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Ternary Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Strategy

“…[32] Recently, based on the advantages of the printing process, some researchers have used the sequential blade coated (SBC) to scrape the donor and acceptor with the same solvent. [33][34][35] Blade-coating can simultaneously adopt the large-area and roll-to-roll process, and is expected to achieve the outstanding reproducibility of lab-scale manufacturing in mass production. The P-i-N structural device obtained by the SBC method combines the advantages of the printing process and the double-layer planar heterojunction (PHJ) structure.…”