A large-scale chloroplast phylogeny of the Lamiaceae sheds new light on its subfamilial classification

Abstract

Lamiaceae, the sixth largest angiosperm family, contains more than 7000 species distributed all over the world. However, although considerable progress has been made in the last two decades, its phylogenetic backbone has never been well resolved. In the present study, a large-scale phylogenetic reconstruction of Lamiaceae using chloroplast sequences was carried out with the most comprehensive sampling of the family to date (288 species in 191 genera, representing approximately 78% of the genera of Lamiaceae). Twelve strongly supported primary clades were inferred, which form the phylogenetic backbone of Lamiaceae. Six of the primary clades correspond to the current recognized subfamilies Ajugoideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Prostantheroideae, Scutellarioideae, and Symphorematoideae, and one corresponds to a portion of Viticoideae. The other five clades comprise: 1) Acrymia and Cymaria; 2) Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, and Garrettia; 3) Premna, Gmelina, and Cornutia; 4) Callicarpa; and 5) Tectona. Based on these results, three new subfamilies—Cymarioideae, Peronematoideae, and Premnoideae—are described, and the compositions of other subfamilies are updated based on new findings from the last decade. Furthermore, our analyses revealed five strongly supported, more inclusive clades that contain subfamilies, and we give them phylogenetically defined, unranked names: Cymalamiina, Scutelamiina, Perolamiina, Viticisymphorina, and Calliprostantherina.

Lamiaceae de México

“…En su circunscripción actual consiste en un grupo emparentado con Orobanchaceae, Mazaceae, Paulowniaceae, Phrymaceae y Rehmanniaceae (Wagstaff & Olmstead 1997, Wagstaff et al 1998, Harley et al 2004, Marx et al 2010, Schäferhoff et al 2010, lo que contrasta con la concepción tradicional de considerarla cercana a Verbenaceae (Cronquist 1981). En la actualidad se reconocen 10 subfamilias dentro de Lamiaceae (Ajugoideae, Cymarioideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Peronematoideae, Premnoideae, Prostantheroideae, Scutellarioideae, Symphorematoideae y Viticoideae) y cinco clados más inclusivos (Calliprostatherina, Cymalamiina, Perolamiina, Scutelamiina y Viticisymphorina) (Li et al 2016). Las Lamiaceae tienen distribución cosmopolita y se encuentran en casi todos los ecosistemas terrestres, aunque son más abundantes en bosques de clima templado, en zonas montañosas.…”

Premna vietnamensis (Lamiaceae, Premnoideae), a distinct new species from the Central Highlands of Vietnam

“…In order to infer the subfamilial placement of the new species in Lamiaceae, chloroplast DNA sequences matK , rbcL , and trnL-F were generated from its three representatives, and added to a combined data set which was simplified from the data set D155 in Li et al [3]. The final data set included 64 ingroup accessions in Lamiaceae covering all 12 currently recognized subfamilies [3,4,22] and five outgroup accessions representing Mazaceae, Paulowniaceae, Phrymaceae, and Orobanchaceae which are the closest relatives to Lamiaceae in Lamiales [23,24].…”

“…The final data set included 64 ingroup accessions in Lamiaceae covering all 12 currently recognized subfamilies [3,4,22] and five outgroup accessions representing Mazaceae, Paulowniaceae, Phrymaceae, and Orobanchaceae which are the closest relatives to Lamiaceae in Lamiales [23,24]. The voucher information and GenBank accession numbers are provided in S1 Table.…”

“…A single PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system and protocol was used for amplification of the three chloroplast regions. Primer pairs, PCR reaction, and amplification program followed Li et al [3]. PCR products were visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing was served by the Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., using the same primers for PCR amplifications.…”

“…Olmstead & P.D. Cantino in Lamiaceae [3]. With more than 100 species recognized (WCSP, http://wcsp.science.kew.org), Premna is one of the largest woody genera in the mint family, and mainly distributed in Old World tropical and subtropical regions from Africa to China, throughout southern Asia, to northern Australia, and various islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans [4,5].…”