A laponite clay-poly(pyrrole–pyridinium) matrix for the fabrication of conductimetric microbiosensors

Clay Modified Electrodes: Present Applications and Prospects

“…The new organic-inorganic composite biomaterial based on strong electrostatic interactions between a poly(pyrrolepyridinium) film electrogenerated on the electrode surface and the enzyme-laponite gel was described, too [117]. The obtained microbiosensor containing urease composite matrix demonstrated the advantages of such enyzme entrapment.…”

A novel glucose biosensor based on the nanoscaled cobalt phthalocyanine–glucose oxidase biocomposite

“…To overcome such a shortcoming, the integrated bioelectrocatalytic electrodes had been extensively fabricated in which selective catalysts such as metals (Xu and Chen, 2000;Fang et al, 2003), metal hexacyanoferrates (Mishima et al, 2000;Ricci et al, 2003) and metal phthalocyanines (Kang et al, 1997;Shi et al, 2000) and electron transfer mediators such as ferrocene (Cass et al, 1984), and osmium complex (Sun et al, 1998), etc were co-immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOD) on electrode surfaces. Numerous co-immobilization methods have been developed, such as cross-linking methodologies (Cass et al, 1984;Senillou et al, 1999;Burmeister and Gerhardt, 2001), self-assembled multilayers (Gooding et al, 1998;Murthy and Sharma, 1998), mixing in carbon composites (Wang and Zhang, 2001;Kulys et al, 2001;Moscone et al, 2001), physical adsorption (Battaglini et al, 2000) and entrapment within polymeric film (Palmisano et al, 2000) and inorganic matrixes (Binyamin and Heller, 1999). Although, these methods are potentially useful for the determination of glucose in biological fluids, one or more drawbacks were existed in the sensors, e.g.…”

HRP/[Zn–Cr–ABTS] redox clay-based biosensor: design and optimization for cyanide detection

“…Among these different methods, enzyme entrapment within clays appears to be very efficient. In our laboratory, we have developed several electrochemical biosensors based on clay modified electrodes following an original and inexpensive strategy (Cosnier et al, 2000;de Melo et al, 2002;Mousty et al, 2001;Poyard et al, 1996Poyard et al, , 1998Senillou et al, 1999;Shan et al, 2002. The biosensor fabrication consists of the adsorption of an enzyme clay aqueous mixture onto an electrode surface followed by a chemical cross linking by glutaraldehyde in order to prevent the release of the enzyme incorporated within the clay coating.…”