A (In)Justiça de Transição para os Povos Indígenas no Brasil

Abstract

Resumo O artigo tematiza reparações às violações de direitos humanos dos povos indígenas na ditadura brasileira, no período de 1946 a 1988, lapso temporal da Lei da Anistia (Lei nº 6.683, de 28 de agosto de 1979) e utilizada pela Comissão Nacional da Verdade. Pretende-se responder à seguinte pergunta: no contexto da Justiça de Transição, quais mecanismos de reparação existem para os povos indígenas no Brasil? Neste paradoxo de (in)justiça de transição e medidas de reparação para esta minoria surgem questões relativas a quais medidas devem ser promovidas pelo Estado brasileiro, empresas privadas e/ou agentes militares. O objetivo desta pesquisa é traçar parâmetros adequados de reparação aos povos indígenas no Brasil, por meio do direito à verdade, à memória, à justiça e ao território. Os resultados alcançados indicam que os mecanismos reparatórios para os povos indígenas são frágeis, já́ que muitas limitações jurídicas têm sido criadas para impossibilitar a promoção de uma justiça de transição indígena e em busca do direito à memória, à justiça, à verdade, à reparação e ao território.

Indigenous in Brazil: School as a Mechanism of Forced Insertion into Society

“…During the Military Dictatorship, compelled integration manifested itself through ambitious infrastructure projects in the unpopulated interior. Notable among these grand projects were the establishment of the Transamazon Highway in 1972, the planning of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant in 1975, the construction of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Plant in 1975, and the realization of the Perimetral Norte Highway in 1973 (12,13). These endeavors engendered a profound transformation in the socio-cultural fabric of indigenous communities, heralding a substantial shift in their way of life.…”

“…These endeavors engendered a profound transformation in the socio-cultural fabric of indigenous communities, heralding a substantial shift in their way of life. A regrettable manifestation emerged by the victimization and tragic demise of indigenous Brazilians, perpetrated at the behest of economic and agrarian elites (12,13).…”

“…Thus, through consultation with the interested indigenous community, through the dialogue with the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB, a national representative entity of indigenous peoples), it is possible to guarantee this valuing (5,1) Notwithstanding the regulatory mechanisms enshrined in the federal constitution and normative ordinances, an array of endeavors persistently aims to compel the assimilation of indigenous communities into Brazilian society (17,18,19). These endeavors trace their origins to the Military Dictatorship , which was characterized by the egregious disregard for the rights and well-being of indigenous communities (12,20).…”

“…The Military Dictatorship was defined by a effort to impose territorial assimilation of Amazonian and Brazilian Midwest tribes, with pronounced prevalence of infant mortality and malnutrition within indigenous communities relative to the broader society. The persistent disparity in the well-being of indigenous communities vis-à-vis the broader population serves as an enduring legacy to the ongoing nature of this disregard, thereby evincing an incomplete adherence to the principles enshrined in the constitutional framework (12,20).…”