A Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin in Palladium Nanoparticles/Graphene–Chitosan Nanocomposite Film

Abstract

Thermally two-dimensional lattice graphene (GR) and biocompatibility chitosan (CS) act as a suitable support for the deposition of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs). A novel hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) biosensor based on immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) in thin film of CS containing GR and PdNPs was developed. The surface morphologies of a set of representative membranes were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy and showed that the PdNPs are of a sphere shape and an average diameter of 50 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the immobilized Hb showed fast and excellent electrocatalytic activity to H(2)O(2) with a small Michaelis-Menten constant of 16 μmol L(-1), a linear range from 2.0 × 10(-6) to 1.1 × 10(-3) mol L(-1), and a detection limit of 6.6 × 10(-7) mol L(-1). The biosensor also exhibited other advantages, good reproducibility, and long-term stability, and PdNPs/GR-CS nanocomposites film would be a promising material in the preparation of third generation biosensor.

Direct Electrochemistry of Hemoglobin Immobilized on a Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles Nanocomplex-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

“…This value was higher than the most reported k s values of Hb immobilized on GC electrodes [5,9,10,17,23], due to the high specific surface area and good biocompatibility of the nano-complex.…”

“…These methods can provide a suitable model for understanding the electron transfer mechanisms in biological systems and to establish a foundation for fabrication of electrochemical biosensors and devices [1–4]. Successful approaches have included cast films of redox proteins with different materials and membranes [5–23]. Achieving direct electron transfer between redox proteins or enzymes and electrodes simplifies these devices, which has a great significance in preparing the third generation of biosensors [24].…”

Investigation on the Conformation Change of Hemoglobin Immobilized on MPA-modified Electrode by Electrochemical Method

“…The redox couple at -0.218 V was attributed to the redox reaction of heme Fe III /Fe II in Hb. 30 The E o ′ of Hb was smaller than in previous reports where Hb was immobilized in PCNFs/BMIM·PF6/CHIT, 31 PdNPs/GR-CS 32 and PS/GE-CNT-Nafion. 33 This indicates that the different film components, which might interact with protein or affect the electric double layer of the electrode, may have an obvious effect on the kinetics of the electrode reaction for hemeproteins.…”

Graphene for Biosensor Applications

“…Hemoglobin (Hb) is another biomolecule frequently used for amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. [235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242] One typical sensor layout is depicted in Figure 15.…”