A household case evidences shorter shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in naturally infected cats compared to their human owners

Neira, Víctor; Brito, Bárbara; Agüero, Belén; Berrios, Felipe; Valdés, Valentina; Gutiérrez, Alberto Artamendi; Ariyama, Naomi; Espinoza, Patricio; Retamal, Patricio; Holmes, Edward C.; Gonzalez‐Reiche, Ana S.; Khan, Zenab; Dutta, Jayeeta; Miorin, Lisa; Kehrer, Thomas; Galarce, Nicolás; Almonacid, Leonardo; Lévican, Jorge; Bakel, Harm van; Garcı́a-Sastre, Adolfo; Medina, Rafael

doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.20220608

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To assess the impact of inter-species transmission on the course of the pandemic, single case reports need to be investigated, in which transmission to co-housed pets and re-infection of humans might be observed. In six case studies, the course of infection was described for two dogs and a total of 14 cats ( Barrs et al, 2020 ; Garigliany et al, 2020 ; Neira et al, 2020 ; Newman et al, 2020 ; Sailleau et al, 2020 ; Segalés et al, 2020 ; Sit et al, 2020 ). While the dogs remained free of clinical signs, six of the cats were described to have clinical signs similar to COVID-19 disease in humans.…”

Section: Pet Animals and Their Non-domesticated Counterpartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cats were reported to show mild respiratory signs, sneezing and ocular discharge. In none of the studies was transmission from an infected pet to a human or a co-housed pet described ( Barrs et al, 2020 ; Garigliany et al, 2020 ; Neira et al, 2020 ; Newman et al, 2020 ; Sailleau et al, 2020 ; Segalés et al, 2020 ). Further, additional cases are constantly reported to the world organization for animal health (OIE) and displayed on their official website ( OIE, 2021b ).…”

Section: Pet Animals and Their Non-domesticated Counterpartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 in animals: From potential hosts to animal models

Michelitsch

Wernike

Ulrich

et al. 2021

Advances in Virus Research

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Within only one year after the first detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), nearly 100 million infections were reported in the human population globally, with more than two million fatal cases. While SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated from a natural wildlife reservoir, neither the immediate viral precursor nor the reservoir or intermediate hosts have been identified conclusively. Due to its zoonotic origin, SARS-CoV-2 may also be relevant to animals. Thus, to evaluate the host range of the virus and to assess the risk to act as potential animal reservoir, a large number of different animal species were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 or monitored in the field in the last months. In this review, we provide an update on studies describing permissive and resistant animal species. Using a scoring system based on viral genome detection subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, seroconversion, the development of clinical signs and transmission to conspecifics or humans, the susceptibility of diverse animal species was classified on a semi-quantitative scale. While major livestock species such as pigs, cattle and poultry are mostly resistant, companion animals appear moderately susceptible, while several model animal species used in research, including several Cricetidae species and non-human primates, are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. By natural infections, it became obvious that American minks ( Neovison vison ) in fur farms, e.g., in the Netherlands and Denmark are highly susceptible resulting in local epidemics in these animals.

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Section: Pet Animals and Their Non-domesticated Counterpartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pet Animals and Their Non-domesticated Counterpartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in animals: From potential hosts to animal models

Michelitsch

Wernike

Ulrich

et al. 2021

Advances in Virus Research

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“…SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible and capable of causing severe disease in humans. Furthermore, there have been multiple cases reported of transmission from COVID-19 patients to animals including domestic cats, large cats, dogs, ferrets, and mink in China, South America, the United States and Europe ( [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]; summary of US cases: https://www. aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/SA_One_ Health/sars-cov-2-animals-us).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental re-infected cats do not transmit SARS-CoV-2

Gaudreault

Carossino

Morozov

et al. 2021

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and responsible for the current global pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can efficiently transmit the virus to naïve cats. Here, we address whether cats previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 can be re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. In two independent studies, SARS-CoV-2-infected cats were re-challenged with SARS-CoV-2 at 21 days post primary challenge (DPC) and necropsies performed at 4, 7 and 14 days post-secondary challenge (DP2C). Sentinels were comingled with the re-challenged cats at 1 DP2C. Clinical signs were recorded, and nasal, oropharyngeal, and rectal swabs, blood, and serum were collected and tissues examined for histologic lesions. Viral RNA was transiently shed via the nasal, oropharyngeal and rectal cavities of the re-challenged cats. Viral RNA was detected in various tissues of re-challenged cats euthanized at 4 DP2C, mainly in the upper respiratory tract and lymphoid tissues, but less frequently and at lower levels in the lower respiratory tract when compared to primary SARS-CoV-2 challenged cats at 4 DPC. Viral RNA and antigen detected in the respiratory tract of the primary SARS-CoV-2 infected cats at early DPCs were absent in the re-challenged cats. Naïve sentinels co-housed with the re-challenged cats did not shed virus or seroconvert. Together, our results indicate that cats previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 can be experimentally reinfected with SARS-CoV-2; however, the levels of virus shed was insufficient for transmission to co-housed naïve sentinels. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats induces immune responses that provide partial, nonsterilizing immune protection against re-infection.

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“…SARS-CoV-2 has been identified in dogs in Hong Kong and the United States, where viral sequences from dogs in Hong Kong were identical to those isolated from the respective human cases, suggesting human-to-animal transmission [ 38 ]. SARS-CoV-2 was also detected in cats from several countries including Belgium, Chile, Denmark, England, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Spain, and the United States [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 was identified in lions and tigers in a zoo in New York, United States [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutations in Animal SARS-CoV-2 Induce Mismatches with the Diagnostic PCR Assays

Elaswad

Fawzy

2021

Pathogens

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Recently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in several animal species. After transmission to animals, the virus accumulates mutations in its genome as adaptation to the new animal host progresses. Therefore, we investigated whether these mutations result in mismatches with the diagnostic PCR assays and suggested proper modifications to the oligo sequences accordingly. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis was conducted using 28 diagnostic PCR assays and 793 publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from animals. Sixteen out of the investigated 28 PCR assays displayed at least one mismatch with their targets at the 0.5% threshold. Mismatches were detected in seven, two, two, and six assays targeting the ORF1ab, spike, envelope, and nucleocapsid genes, respectively. Several of these mismatches, such as the deletions and mismatches at the 3’ end of the primer or probe, are expected to negatively affect the diagnostic PCR assays resulting in false-negative results. The modifications to the oligo sequences should result in stronger template binding by the oligos, better sensitivity of the assays, and higher confidence in the result. It is necessary to monitor the targets of diagnostic PCR assays for any future mutations that may occur as the virus continues to evolve in animals.

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A household case evidences shorter shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in naturally infected cats compared to their human owners

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

SARS-CoV-2 in animals: From potential hosts to animal models

SARS-CoV-2 in animals: From potential hosts to animal models

Experimental re-infected cats do not transmit SARS-CoV-2

Mutations in Animal SARS-CoV-2 Induce Mismatches with the Diagnostic PCR Assays

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