Charge separation
efficiency is a crucial parameter for photovoltaic
devicespolymers consisting of alternating electron-rich and
electron-deficient parts can achieve high such efficiencies, for instance,
together with a fullerene electron acceptor. This offers a viable
path toward solar cells with organic bulk heterojunctions. Here, we
measured the charge-transfer times in the femtosecond and attosecond
regimes via the decay of sulfur 1s X-ray core-excited states (with
the core-hole clock method) in blends of a low-band gap polymer {PCPDTBT
[poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]]} consisting of a cyclopentadithiophene
electron-rich part and a benzothiadiazole electron-deficient part.
The constituting parts of the bulk heterojunction were varied by adding
the fullerene derivative PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric
acid methyl ester) (weight ratio of polymer/PCBM as 1:0, 1:1, 1:2,
and 1:3). For low-energy excitations, the charge-transfer time varies
to the largest extent for the thiophene donor part. The charge-transfer
time in the 1:2 blend is reduced by 86% compared to that of pristine
PCPDTBT. At higher energy excitations, the charge-transfer time does
not vary with the chemical environment, as this regime is dominated
by intramolecular conduction that yields ultrafast charge-transfer
times for all blends, approaching 170 as. We thus demonstrate that
the core-hole clock method applied to a series with changing composition
can give information about local electron dynamics (with chemical
specificity) at interfaces between the constituting partsthe
crucial part of a bulk heterojunction where the initial charge separation
occurs.