A Hierarchical VLSM-Based Demand Response Strategy for Coordinative Voltage Control Between Transmission and Distribution Systems

Grid Impact Analysis of Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

“…The detailed calculation process of the VLSM can be found in our previous work [5]- [6]. Because of space constraints, the calculation process is not elaborated here.…”

“…The proposed methodology has three major steps: 1) charging station location investigation, 2) heavy-duty EV charging load modeling, and 3) grid impact analysis. We leverage the voltage load sensitivity matrix (VLSM) [5]- [6] to develop the voltage impact matrix (VIM) to identify the better/worse connection points for charging stations on the grid. The charging loads are modeled by a DC fast-charging charging station model [7].…”

Demand Side Management Strategy for Distribution Networks Volt/Var Control: A FCS-Model Predictive Control Approach

“…The methodology described above was tested against a Portuguese LV grid, where voltage profile deviations were successfully mitigated. A two-stage hierarchical voltage-load sensitivity matrix (VLSM)-based DR algorithm was proposed by Zhu et al (2018) for voltage regulation on distribution feeders. In the proposed methodology, transmission-level DR requests are used to trigger distribution level dispatch of DR resources to minimize voltage deviations and a second dispatch may occur if voltage deviations remain.…”

Coordinative real‐time sub‐transmission volt–var control for reactive power regulation between transmission and distribution systems

“…The detailed information exchange between EMS and the distribution management system (DMS) are further described in Section 4.1. For more details of the VLSM‐based VCC algorithm, please refer to [13, 14].…”

“…After that, the upper and lower DR limits calculated for the next operation interval are sent back to the transmission system controller so that the transmission optimisation algorithm can use them as operational constraints to make subsequent decisions. The detailed formulation and algorithm design for the two‐stage hierarchical VLSM‐based DR algorithm can be seen in [13, 14].…”